用于删除名称中不包含某些短语的文件的脚本吗？

Question

If I had a folder of files, what script could I write to remove the files whose names don't have certain phrases?

My folder contains

oneApple.zip
twoApples.zip
threeApples.zip
fourApples.zip

I would want to remove the files whose names don't contain "one" or "three" anywhere within their filename.

After executing the script, the folder would only contain:

oneApple.zip
threeApples.zip

Answer 1

Using bash

With a modern bash with extglob enabled, we can delete files whose names do not contain one or three with:

rm !(*one*|*three*)

To experiment with how extglobs work, just use echo:

$ echo !(*one*|*three*)
fourApples.zip  twoApples.zip

If the above doesn't work properly, then either your bash is out of date or extglob is turned off. To turn it on:

shopt -s extglob

Using find

find . -maxdepth 1 -type f ! -name '*one*' ! -name '*three*' -delete

Before running that command, you probably want to test it. Just remove the -delete and it will show you the files that it found:

$ find . -maxdepth 1 -type f ! -name '*one*' ! -name '*three*'
./twoApples.zip
./fourApples.zip

How it works:

• .

  This tells find to look in the current directory.

• -maxdepth 1

  This tells find not to recurse into subdirectories

• -type f

  This tells find that we only want regular files.

• ! -name '*one*'

  This tells find to exclude files with one in their name.

• ! -name '*three*'

  This tells find to exclude files with three in their name.

• -delete

  This tells find to delete the files that it found.