如何检测正在运行的 Windows 版本？

Question

I have an application which runs as a Word add-in. (VSTO).

It runs on many PCs all over the world. In certain cases I need to trouble shoot problems (obviously remotely) and have a reporting mechanism which tells me which Windows OS is running - I use Environment.OSVersion in .NET. At least it did until Windows 10.

There is an article on MSDN ( Targeting your application for Windows ) about creating an application manifest which will enable the correct version to be returned.

But my application is a DLL, not an EXE and so won't really accommodate the XML code referred to in that article.

Is there no way to just ask Windows, "What version are you? Really, I won't cry if you admit to the real version".

Or an entry in the registry or something?

Answer 1

If WMI is not an option for you, You could use the SDK counterparts of the GetVersionEx functions, RtlGetVersion . They don't lie.

If you use .NET 5.0 or Core, Environment.OSVersion reports the actual version of Windows.

I posted more detail about this as addition to the answers on this other thread: https://stackoverflow.com/a/64804643/2240196

EDIT: Added example code as requested. (You probably don't need all of it)

using System;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;

namespace VersionHelper
{
    public static class VersionHelper
    {
        // The C(++) macro VER_SET_CONDITION mentioned in the documentation for RtlVerifyVersionInfo seems to be equivalent to the VerSetConditionMask function in kernel32.dll

        // https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/winnt/nf-winnt-versetconditionmask
        [DllImport("kernel32.dll")]
        private static extern ulong VerSetConditionMask(ulong dwlConditionMask, uint dwTypeBitMask, byte dwConditionMask);

        // https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/devnotes/rtlgetversion
        [DllImport("ntdll.dll")]
        private static extern int RtlGetVersion(ref OSVERSIONINFOW lpVersionInformation);

        [DllImport("ntdll.dll")]
        private static extern int RtlGetVersion(ref OSVERSIONINFOEXW lpVersionInformation);

        // https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-hardware/drivers/ddi/wdm/nf-wdm-rtlverifyversioninfo
        [DllImport("ntdll.dll")]
        private static extern bool RtlVerifyVersionInfo([In] ref OSVERSIONINFOEXW lpVersionInformation, uint dwTypeMask, ulong dwlConditionMask);

        // https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/winnt/ns-winnt-osversioninfoexw
        [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, CharSet = CharSet.Unicode)]
        private struct OSVERSIONINFOEXW
        {
            internal uint dwOSVersionInfoSize;
            internal uint dwMajorVersion;
            internal uint dwMinorVersion;
            internal uint dwBuildNumber;
            internal uint dwPlatformId;
            [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValTStr, SizeConst = 128)]
            internal string szCSDVersion;
            internal ushort wServicePackMajor;
            internal ushort wServicePackMinor;
            internal ushort wSuiteMask;
            internal byte wProductType;
            internal byte wReserved;
        }
        
        // https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/winnt/ns-winnt-osversioninfow
        [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, CharSet = CharSet.Unicode)]
        private struct OSVERSIONINFOW
        {
            internal uint dwOSVersionInfoSize;
            internal uint dwMajorVersion;
            internal uint dwMinorVersion;
            internal uint dwBuildNumber;
            internal uint dwPlatformId;
            [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValTStr, SizeConst = 128)]
            internal string szCSDVersion;
        }

        /*
         * RTL_OSVERSIONINFOEX(A/W) and OSVERSIONINFOEX(A/W) are aliases for the same structures
         * RTL_OSVERSIONINFO(A/W) and OSVERSIONINFO(A/W) are aliases for the same structures
         * */

        // These constants initialized with corresponding definitions in
        // winnt.h (part of Windows SDK)
        // https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/winnt/nf-winnt-ver_set_condition
        private const byte VER_EQUAL = 1;
        private const byte VER_GREATER = 2;
        private const byte VER_GREATER_EQUAL = 3;
        private const byte VER_LESS = 4;
        private const byte VER_LESS_EQUAL = 5;
        private const byte VER_AND = 6;
        private const byte VER_OR = 7;

        private const byte VER_CONDITION_MASK = 7;
        private const byte VER_NUM_BITS_PER_CONDITION_MASK = 3;

        private const uint STATUS_SUCCESS = 0x00000000;

        //
        // RtlVerifyVersionInfo() type mask bits
        //
        private const uint VER_MINORVERSION = 0x0000001;
        private const uint VER_MAJORVERSION = 0x0000002;
        private const uint VER_BUILDNUMBER = 0x0000004;
        private const uint VER_PLATFORMID = 0x0000008;
        private const uint VER_SERVICEPACKMINOR = 0x0000010;
        private const uint VER_SERVICEPACKMAJOR = 0x0000020;
        private const uint VER_SUITENAME = 0x0000040;
        private const uint VER_PRODUCT_TYPE = 0x0000080;

        // wProductType    
        // Any additional information about the system.This member can be one of the following values.
        private const byte VER_NT_DOMAIN_CONTROLLER = 0x0000002;
        private const byte VER_NT_SERVER = 0x0000003;
        private const byte VER_NT_WORKSTATION = 0x0000001;


        // You can customize this to check for the condition(s) you need using any field from the OSVERSIONINFOW struct with the corresponding VER_ and VER_<operator> constants
        public static bool IsWindowsVersionOrGreater(uint majorVersion, uint minorVersion, ushort servicePackMajor = 0, uint buildNumber = 0)
        {
            var osVerInfo = new OSVERSIONINFOEXW
            {
                dwOSVersionInfoSize = (uint) Marshal.SizeOf(typeof(OSVERSIONINFOEXW)),
                dwMajorVersion = majorVersion,
                dwMinorVersion = minorVersion,
                wServicePackMajor = servicePackMajor,
                dwBuildNumber = buildNumber
            };
            ulong versionOrGreaterMask = VerSetConditionMask(
                VerSetConditionMask(
                    VerSetConditionMask(
                        0, VER_MAJORVERSION, VER_GREATER_EQUAL),
                    VER_MINORVERSION, VER_GREATER_EQUAL),
                VER_SERVICEPACKMAJOR, VER_GREATER_EQUAL);
            uint versionOrGreaterTypeMask = VER_MAJORVERSION | VER_MINORVERSION | VER_SERVICEPACKMAJOR;
            if (buildNumber > 0)
            {
                versionOrGreaterMask = VerSetConditionMask(versionOrGreaterMask, VER_BUILDNUMBER, VER_GREATER_EQUAL);
                versionOrGreaterTypeMask |= VER_BUILDNUMBER;
            }
            return RtlVerifyVersionInfo(ref osVerInfo, versionOrGreaterTypeMask, versionOrGreaterMask);
        }

        public static bool IsWindowsServer()
        {
            var osVerInfo = new OSVERSIONINFOEXW
            {
                dwOSVersionInfoSize = (uint) Marshal.SizeOf(typeof(OSVERSIONINFOEXW)),
                wProductType = VER_NT_WORKSTATION
            };
            ulong dwlConditionMask = VerSetConditionMask(0, VER_PRODUCT_TYPE, VER_EQUAL);
            return !RtlVerifyVersionInfo(ref osVerInfo, VER_PRODUCT_TYPE, dwlConditionMask);
        }
        
        public static int GetWindowsBuildNumber()
        {
            var osVerInfo = new OSVERSIONINFOW
            {
                dwOSVersionInfoSize = (uint) Marshal.SizeOf(typeof(OSVERSIONINFOW))
            };
            if (STATUS_SUCCESS == RtlGetVersion(ref osVerInfo)) // documented to always return STATUS_SUCCESS
                return (int)osVerInfo.dwBuildNumber;
            throw new Win32Exception("Failed to determine Windows build number.");
        }

        // Other functions replicating SDK Version Helper functions
        // https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/sysinfo/version-helper-apis

        //
        // _WIN32_WINNT version constants
        //
        const ushort _WIN32_WINNT_NT4 = 0x0400;
        const ushort _WIN32_WINNT_WIN2K = 0x0500;
        const ushort _WIN32_WINNT_WINXP = 0x0501;
        const ushort _WIN32_WINNT_WS03 = 0x0502;
        const ushort _WIN32_WINNT_WIN6 = 0x0600;
        const ushort _WIN32_WINNT_VISTA = 0x0600;
        const ushort _WIN32_WINNT_WS08 = 0x0600;
        const ushort _WIN32_WINNT_LONGHORN = 0x0600;
        const ushort _WIN32_WINNT_WIN7 = 0x0601;
        const ushort _WIN32_WINNT_WIN8 = 0x0602;
        const ushort _WIN32_WINNT_WINBLUE = 0x0603;
        const ushort _WIN32_WINNT_WINTHRESHOLD = 0x0A00; 
        const ushort _WIN32_WINNT_WIN10 = 0x0A00;

        const bool FALSE = false;

        static byte LOBYTE(ushort w)
        {
            return ((byte)(w & 0xff));
        }

        static byte HIBYTE(ushort w)
        {
            return ((byte)(w >> 8 & 0xff));
        }

        public static bool
        IsWindowsXPSP1OrGreater()
        {
            return IsWindowsVersionOrGreater(HIBYTE(_WIN32_WINNT_WINXP), LOBYTE(_WIN32_WINNT_WINXP), 1);
        }

        public static bool
        IsWindowsXPSP2OrGreater()
        {
            return IsWindowsVersionOrGreater(HIBYTE(_WIN32_WINNT_WINXP), LOBYTE(_WIN32_WINNT_WINXP), 2);
        }

        public static bool
        IsWindowsXPSP3OrGreater()
        {
            return IsWindowsVersionOrGreater(HIBYTE(_WIN32_WINNT_WINXP), LOBYTE(_WIN32_WINNT_WINXP), 3);
        }

        public static bool
        IsWindowsVistaOrGreater()
        {
            return IsWindowsVersionOrGreater(HIBYTE(_WIN32_WINNT_VISTA), LOBYTE(_WIN32_WINNT_VISTA), 0);
        }

        public static bool
        IsWindowsVistaSP1OrGreater()
        {
            return IsWindowsVersionOrGreater(HIBYTE(_WIN32_WINNT_VISTA), LOBYTE(_WIN32_WINNT_VISTA), 1);
        }

        public static bool
        IsWindowsVistaSP2OrGreater()
        {
            return IsWindowsVersionOrGreater(HIBYTE(_WIN32_WINNT_VISTA), LOBYTE(_WIN32_WINNT_VISTA), 2);
        }

        public static bool
        IsWindows7OrGreater()
        {
            return IsWindowsVersionOrGreater(HIBYTE(_WIN32_WINNT_WIN7), LOBYTE(_WIN32_WINNT_WIN7), 0);
        }

        public static bool
        IsWindows7SP1OrGreater()
        {
            return IsWindowsVersionOrGreater(HIBYTE(_WIN32_WINNT_WIN7), LOBYTE(_WIN32_WINNT_WIN7), 1);
        }

        public static bool
        IsWindows8OrGreater()
        {
            return IsWindowsVersionOrGreater(HIBYTE(_WIN32_WINNT_WIN8), LOBYTE(_WIN32_WINNT_WIN8), 0);
        }

        public static bool
        IsWindows8Point1OrGreater()
        {
            return IsWindowsVersionOrGreater(HIBYTE(_WIN32_WINNT_WINBLUE), LOBYTE(_WIN32_WINNT_WINBLUE), 0);
        }

        public static bool
        IsWindows10OrGreater()
        {
            return IsWindowsVersionOrGreater(HIBYTE(_WIN32_WINNT_WIN10), LOBYTE(_WIN32_WINNT_WIN10), 0);
        }
    }
}

Answer 2

private String GetOSVersion()
{
    var wmiEnum = new ManagementObjectSearcher("root\\CIMV2", "SELECT Version FROM  Win32_OperatingSystem").Get().GetEnumerator();
    wmiEnum.MoveNext();
    return wmiEnum.Current.Properties["Version"].Value as String;
}

Returns 6.1.7601 on my W7 system and 10.0.14393 on my Server 2016 system.

No need to add a target manifest.

Answer 3

WMI is the best way to do this kind of stuff You can use this to retrieve OS informations :

ManagementObjectSearcher objMOS = 
       new ManagementObjectSearcher("root\\CIMV2", "SELECT * FROM  Win32_OperatingSystem");

OS.Name = ((string)objMOS["Caption"]).Trim();
OS.Version = (string)objMOS["Version"];
OS.MaxProcessCount = (uint)objMOS["MaxNumberOfProcesses"];
OS.MaxProcessRAM = (ulong)objMOS["MaxProcessMemorySize"];
OS.Architecture = (string)objMOS["OSArchitecture"];
OS.SerialNumber = (string)objMOS["SerialNumber"];
OS.Build = ((string)objMOS["BuildNumber"]).ToUint();

This can fetch the OS details for you.

Answer 4

You can try GetVersionEx Win32 API.

https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ms724451(v=vs.85).aspx

Note that Windows 10 in fact is version 6.4. Ver 6.0 is Vista, 6.1 - 7, 6.2 - 8.