使用反射设置私有字段值

Question

I have 2 classes: Father and Child

public class Father implements Serializable, JSONInterface {

    private String a_field;

    //setter and getter here

}

public class Child extends Father {
    //empty class
}

With reflection I want to set a_field in Child class:

Class<?> clazz = Class.forName("Child");
Object cc = clazz.newInstance();

Field f1 = cc.getClass().getField("a_field");
f1.set(cc, "reflecting on life");
String str1 = (String) f1.get(cc.getClass());
System.out.println("field: " + str1);

but I have an exception:

Exception in thread "main" java.lang.NoSuchFieldException: a_field

But if I try:

Child child = new Child();
child.setA_field("123");

it works.

Using setter method I have same problem:

method = cc.getClass().getMethod("setA_field");
method.invoke(cc, new Object[] { "aaaaaaaaaaaaaa" });

Answer 1

To access a private field you need to set Field::setAccessible to true. You can pull the field off the super class. This code works:

Class<?> clazz = Child.class;
Object cc = clazz.newInstance();

Field f1 = cc.getClass().getSuperclass().getDeclaredField("a_field");
f1.setAccessible(true);
f1.set(cc, "reflecting on life");
String str1 = (String) f1.get(cc);
System.out.println("field: " + str1);

Answer 2

Using FieldUtils from the Apache Commons Lang 3 :

FieldUtils.writeField(childInstance, "a_field", "Hello", true);

The true forces it to set, even if the field is private .

Answer 3

This one can access private fields as well without having to do anything

import org.apache.commons.lang3.reflect.FieldUtils;
Object value = FieldUtils.readField(entity, fieldName, true);

Answer 4

Kotlin verison

Get private variable using below extension functions

fun <T : Any> T.getPrivateProperty(variableName: String): Any? {
    return javaClass.getDeclaredField(variableName).let { field ->
        field.isAccessible = true
        return@let field.get(this)
    }
}

Set private variable value get the variable

fun <T : Any> T.setAndReturnPrivateProperty(variableName: String, data: Any): Any? {
    return javaClass.getDeclaredField(variableName).let { field ->
        field.isAccessible = true
        field.set(this, data)
        return@let field.get(this)
    }
}

Get variable use:

val bool = <your_class_object>.getPrivateProperty("your_variable") as String

Set and get variable use:

val bool = <your_class_object>.setAndReturnPrivateProperty("your_variable", true) as Boolean
val str = <your_class_object>.setAndReturnPrivateProperty("your_variable", "Hello") as String

---

Java version

public class RefUtil {

    public static Field setFieldValue(Object object, String fieldName, Object valueTobeSet) throws NoSuchFieldException, IllegalAccessException {
        Field field = getField(object.getClass(), fieldName);
        field.setAccessible(true);
        field.set(object, valueTobeSet);
        return field;
    }

    public static Object getPrivateFieldValue(Object object, String fieldName) throws NoSuchFieldException, IllegalAccessException {
        Field field = getField(object.getClass(), fieldName);
        field.setAccessible(true);
        return field.get(object);
    }

    private static Field getField(Class mClass, String fieldName) throws NoSuchFieldException {
        try {
            return mClass.getDeclaredField(fieldName);
        } catch (NoSuchFieldException e) {
            Class superClass = mClass.getSuperclass();
            if (superClass == null) {
                throw e;
            } else {
                return getField(superClass, fieldName);
            }
        }
    }
}

Set private value use

RefUtil.setFieldValue(<your_class_object>, "your_variableName", newValue);

Get private value use

Object value = RefUtil.getPrivateFieldValue(<your_class_object>, "your_variableName");

Answer 5

You can use Manifold's @Jailbreak for direct, type-safe Java reflection:

@Jailbreak Child child = new Child();
child.a_field = "123;

@Jailbreak unlocks the child local variable in the compiler for direct access to all the members in Child 's hierarchy.

Similarly you can use the jailbreak() extension method for one-off use:

child.jailbreak().a_field = "123";

Through the jailbreak() method you can access any member in Child 's hierarchy.

In both cases the compiler resolves the field access for you type-safely, as if a public field, while Manifold generates efficient reflection code for you under the hood.

Discover more about Manifold .

Answer 6

As per the Javadoc of Class.getField (emphasis mine):

Returns a Field object that reflects the specified public member field of the class or interface represented by this Class object.

This method only returns public fields. Since a_field is private, it won't be found.

Here's a working code:

public class Main {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        Class<?> clazz = Class.forName("Child");
        Object cc = clazz.newInstance();

        Field f1 = cc.getClass().getField("a_field");
        f1.set(cc, "reflecting on life");
        String str1 = (String) f1.get(cc);
        System.out.println("field: " + str1);
    }

}

class Father implements Serializable {
    public String a_field;
}

class Child extends Father {
//empty class
}

Note that I also changed your line String str1 = (String) f1.get(cc.getClass()); to String str1 = (String) f1.get(cc); because you need to give the object of the field, not the class.

---

If you want to keep your field private, then you need to retrieve the getter / setter method and invoke those instead. The code you have given does not work because, to get a method, you also need to specify it's arguments, so

cc.getClass().getMethod("setA_field");

must be

cc.getClass().getMethod("setA_field", String.class);

Here's a working code:

public class Main {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        Class<?> clazz = Class.forName("Child");
        Object cc = clazz.newInstance();
        cc.getClass().getMethod("setA_field", String.class).invoke(cc, "aaaaaaaaaaaaaa");
        String str1 = (String) cc.getClass().getMethod("getA_field").invoke(cc);
        System.out.println("field: " + str1);
    }

}

class Father implements Serializable {

    private String a_field;

    public String getA_field() {
        return a_field;
    }

    public void setA_field(String a_field) {
        this.a_field = a_field;
    }

}

class Child extends Father {
    //empty class
}