为什么 onclick 只分配给最后一个对象？

Question

I am trying to assign an onclick function a certain type of item. So, within a for loop I have if(invType[i] != "empty") then within that if statement I have

if(invType[i] == "usable"){
    (function(num) {
       document.getElementById(num).onclick = function(){useItem(invName[num],num)};
    })(i);
}

only the last "usable" object is getting the onclick function. Everyone keeps linking me to this question , but that doesn't help me. I have tried everything and I can't figure it out. Can someone please give me a better explanation for what all that means and how I can get my code to work?

JSFiddle

Here's the whole code that adds all the buttons:

function backpack(update) {
    i = 0;
    if (update != 1) {
        /*
                    tempA = document.getElementById("scene").innerHTML;
                    tempB = document.getElementById("textbox").innerHTML;
                    */
    }
    /*
                document.getElementById("textbox").innerHTML = '<br><br><input type="button" value="Close Backpack" onclick="closeBackpack()">';
                document.getElementById("scene").innerHTML = '<div id="backpack" style="height:400px; width:400px; background-image:url(files/sugame/sprites/backpackBackground.png); border-style:solid; border-width:8px; position:absolute; top:92px; left:192px"></div>';
                */
    for (i = 0; i < 9; i++) {
        if (invType[i] != "empty") {
            switch (i) {
                case 0:
                    document.getElementById("backpack").innerHTML += '<input type="button" value="' + invName[i] + '" id="' + i + '" style="position:absolute; left:4px; top:4px;">';
                    break;
                case 1:
                    document.getElementById("backpack").innerHTML += '<input type="button" value="' + invName[i] + '" id="' + i + '" style="position:absolute; left:136px; top:4px;">';
                    break;
                case 2:
                    document.getElementById("backpack").innerHTML += '<input type="button" value="' + invName[i] + '" id="' + i + '" style="position:absolute; left:268px; top:4px;">';
                    break;
                case 3:
                    document.getElementById("backpack").innerHTML += '<input type="button" value="' + invName[i] + '" id="' + i + '" style="position:absolute; left:4px; top:136px;">';
                    break;
                case 4:
                    document.getElementById("backpack").innerHTML += '<input type="button" value="' + invName[i] + '" id="' + i + '" style="position:absolute; left:136px; top:136px;">';
                    break;
                case 5:
                    document.getElementById("backpack").innerHTML += '<input type="button" value="' + invName[i] + '" id="' + i + '" style="position:absolute; left:268px; top:136px;">';
                    break;
                case 6:
                    document.getElementById("backpack").innerHTML += '<input type="button" value="' + invName[i] + '" id="' + i + '" style="position:absolute; left:4px; top:268px;">';
                    break;
                case 7:
                    document.getElementById("backpack").innerHTML += '<input type="button" value="' + invName[i] + '" id="' + i + '" style="position:absolute; left:136px; top:268px;">';
                    break;
                case 8:
                    document.getElementById("backpack").innerHTML += '<input type="button" value="' + invName[i] + '" id="' + i + '" style="position:absolute; left:268px; top:268px;">';
                    break;
            }
            if (invType[i] == "usable") {
                (function (num) {
                    document.getElementById(num).onclick = function () {
                        useItem(invName[num], num)
                    };
                })(i);
            }
            if (invType[i] == "equipment") {
                document.getElementById(i).onclick = function (i) {
                    return function () {
                        equipItem(invName[i], i)
                    };
                }(i);
            }
        }
    }
}

Answer 1

The problem is with the way you're adding all the buttons to the DOM. You're doing:

document.getElementById("backpack").innerHTML += '<input type="button" value="' + invName[i] + '" id="' + i + '" style="position:absolute; left:4px; top:4px;">';

This re-parses the HTML of the entire DIV, so any event listeners on the old buttons are lost.

There are two simple ways to fix this:

1. Instead of concatenating HTML, use functions like createElement and appendChild to add to the DOM directly, without affecting previous elements.

2. Use two loops: one loop adds all the buttons, the second loop adds the event listeners to them.

Another thing I noticed, but it's not related to the problem, is that you forget to declare i as a local variable in your functions. This can cause problems if you call other functions inside the loop that do the same thing, because they'll affect the outer loop.