如何在 Swift 中将字节转换为半浮点数？

Question

How can I convert two bytes (UInt8) to a half-precision (16-bit) Float in Swift, such as needed when reading the output of CIAreaHistogram with the kCIFormatRGBAh, as in the following example:

func areaHistogram(image : UIImage) {

    let inputImage = CIImage(image: image)

    let totalBytes : Int = bpp * BINS //8 * 64 for example
    let bitmap : UnsafeMutablePointer<Void> = calloc(totalBytes, bpp)

    let filter = CIFilter(name: "CIAreaHistogram")!
    filter.setValue(inputImage, forKey: kCIInputImageKey)
    filter.setValue(CIVector(x: 0, y: 0, z: image.size.width, w: image.size.height), forKey: kCIInputExtentKey)
    filter.setValue(BINS, forKey: "inputCount") 
    filter.setValue(1, forKey: "inputScale")

    let myEAGLContext = EAGLContext(API: .OpenGLES2)
    let options = [kCIContextWorkingColorSpace : kCFNull]
    let context : CIContext = CIContext(EAGLContext: myEAGLContext, options: options)
    context.render(filter.outputImage!, toBitmap: bitmap, rowBytes: totalBytes, bounds: filter.outputImage!.extent, format: kCIFormatRGBAh, colorSpace: CGColorSpaceCreateDeviceRGB())

    let bytes = UnsafeBufferPointer<UInt8>(start: UnsafePointer<UInt8>(bitmap), count: bpp * BINS)

    //HOW TO CONVERT TWO CONSECUTIVE BYTES AS 16-BIT FLOATS?
    //THIS CODE DOES NOT WORK (I guess because Float in Swift is 32-bit):

    for var i=0; i < self.bpp * self.BINS; i+=self.bpp {
        let bitsR = UnsafePointer<Float._BitsType>(self.queryHist!)[i+0].bigEndian
        let R = Float( Float._fromBitPattern(bitsR) )

        let bitsG = UnsafePointer<Float._BitsType>(self.queryHist!)[i+2].bigEndian
        let G = Float( Float._fromBitPattern(bitsG) )

        let bitsB = UnsafePointer<Float._BitsType>(self.queryHist!)[i+4].bigEndian
        let B = Float( Float._fromBitPattern(bitsB) )

        print("R/G/B = \(R) \(G) \(B)")
    }

    free(bitmap)
}

Answer 1

There is no 16-bit floating point type in Swift, but you can convert the results to 32-bit floating point numbers ( Float ). This thread

• 32-bit to 16-bit Floating Point Conversion

contains a lot of information about the Half-precision floating-point format , and various conversion methods. The crucial hint however is in Ian Ollman's answer :

On OS X / iOS, you can use vImageConvert_PlanarFtoPlanar16F and vImageConvert_Planar16FtoPlanarF . See Accelerate.framework.

Ian did provide no code however, so here is a possible implementation in Swift:

func areaHistogram(image : UIImage) {
    
    let inputImage = CIImage(image: image)
    
    let totalBytes : Int = bpp * BINS //8 * 64 for example
    let bitmap = calloc(1, totalBytes)
    
    let filter = CIFilter(name: "CIAreaHistogram")!
    filter.setValue(inputImage, forKey: kCIInputImageKey)
    filter.setValue(CIVector(x: 0, y: 0, z: image.size.width, w: image.size.height), forKey: kCIInputExtentKey)
    filter.setValue(BINS, forKey: "inputCount") 
    filter.setValue(1, forKey: "inputScale")
    
    let myEAGLContext = EAGLContext(API: .OpenGLES2)
    let options = [kCIContextWorkingColorSpace : kCFNull]
    let context : CIContext = CIContext(EAGLContext: myEAGLContext, options: options)
    context.render(filter.outputImage!, toBitmap: bitmap, rowBytes: totalBytes, bounds: filter.outputImage!.extent, format: kCIFormatRGBAh, colorSpace: CGColorSpaceCreateDeviceRGB())

    // *** CONVERSION FROM 16-bit TO 32-bit FLOAT ARRAY STARTS HERE ***
    
    let comps = 4 // Number of components (RGBA)
    
    // Array for the RGBA values of the histogram: 
    var rgbaFloat = [Float](count: comps * BINS, repeatedValue: 0)
    
    // Source and image buffer structure for vImage conversion function:
    var srcBuffer = vImage_Buffer(data: bitmap, height: 1, width: UInt(comps * BINS), rowBytes: bpp * BINS)
    var dstBuffer = vImage_Buffer(data: &rgbaFloat, height: 1, width: UInt(comps * BINS), rowBytes: comps * sizeof(Float) * BINS)
    
    // Half-precision float to Float conversion of entire buffer:
    if vImageConvert_Planar16FtoPlanarF(&srcBuffer, &dstBuffer, 0) == kvImageNoError {
        for bin in 0 ..< BINS {
            let R = rgbaFloat[comps * bin + 0]
            let G = rgbaFloat[comps * bin + 1]
            let B = rgbaFloat[comps * bin + 2]
            print("R/G/B = \(R) \(G) \(B)")
        }
    }
    
    free(bitmap)
}

Remarks:

• You need to import Accelerate .
• Note that your code allocates totalBytes * bpp bytes instead of the necessary totalBytes .
• The kCIFormatRGBAh pixel format is not supported on the Simulator (as of Xcode 7), so you have to test the code on a real device.

---

Update: Swift 5.3 (Xcode 12, currently in beta) introduces a new Float16 type which is available in iOS 14, see SE-0277 Float16 on Swift Evolution.

This simplifies the code because a conversion to Float is no longer necessary. I have also removed the use of OpenGL functions which are deprecated as of iOS 12:

func areaHistogram(image: UIImage, bins: Int) -> [Float16] {

    let comps = 4 // Number of components (RGBA)

    let inputImage = CIImage(image: image)
    var rgbaFloat = [Float16](repeating: 0, count: comps * bins)
    let totalBytes = MemoryLayout<Float16>.size * comps * bins

    let filter = CIFilter(name: "CIAreaHistogram")!
    filter.setValue(inputImage, forKey: kCIInputImageKey)
    filter.setValue(CIVector(x: 0, y: 0, z: image.size.width, w: image.size.height), forKey: kCIInputExtentKey)
    filter.setValue(bins, forKey: "inputCount")
    filter.setValue(1, forKey: "inputScale")

    let options: [CIContextOption : Any] = [.workingColorSpace : NSNull()]
    let context = CIContext(options: options)
    
    rgbaFloat.withUnsafeMutableBytes {
        context.render(filter.outputImage!, toBitmap: $0.baseAddress!, rowBytes: totalBytes,
                       bounds: filter.outputImage!.extent, format: CIFormat.RGBAh,
                       colorSpace: CGColorSpaceCreateDeviceRGB())
    }
    return rgbaFloat
}