如何使用JPA Criteria API在字符串的日期字段中搜索

Question

This is a question that spins off my other Question here . I thought it would be best put as a different question after someone( @Franck ) pointed me to this link and this one too .

I'm stumped on how to search for a string in a database Date column (in my case MySQL DATETIME) using the JPA Criteria API.

Here's what I've done;

CriteriaBuilder cb = em.getCriteriaBuilder();
CriteriaQuery<Client> cq = cb.createQuery(Client.class);
Root<Client> entity = cq.from(Client.class);
cq.select(entity);

List<Predicate> predicates = new ArrayList<Predicate>();
predicates.add(cb.like(cb.lower(entity.get("dateJoined").as(String.class)), "%"+search.toLowerCase()+"%")); 

cq.where(predicates.toArray(new Predicate[]{}));
TypedQuery<Client> query = em.createQuery(cq); //<--- Error gets thrown here
return query.getResultList();

But it fails with the following exception;

 java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Parameter value [%10-2015%] did not match expected type [java.lang.Character] 

where 10-2015 is the String being searched for;

I'm stuck on how to go by achieving this. I need some help.

Answer 1

Ok, after lots of experimenting with various strategies, here's what I did that finally worked.

I saw this post here and suddenly remembered the JPA Tuple Interface which is an Object that can return multiple result Type(s). So to perform my like comparison, and since Date cannot be simply cast to a String here are the steps;

1. I get the column as a Tuple
2. do a check on The Tuple Object to see if it's assignable from Date
3. if it is, then get the Date-Format expression and pass it to the like expression.

So essentially, here's what I initially had which was apparently failing;

predicates.add(cb.like(cb.lower(entity.get("dateJoined").as(String.class)), "%"+search.toLowerCase()+"%")); 

Now, this is what I have that works beautifully;

Path<Tuple> tuple = entity.<Tuple>get("dateJoined");
if(tuple.getJavaType().isAssignableFrom(Date.class)){
    Expression<String> dateStringExpr = cb.function("DATE_FORMAT", String.class, entity.get("dateJoined"), cb.literal("'%d/%m/%Y %r'"));
    predicates.add(cb.like(cb.lower(dateStringExpr), "%"+search.toLowerCase()+"%"));
}

NOTE-WORTHY CONSIDERATIONS -

1. I am aware that from wherever the search would be initiated, all my Dates are presented in this form 07/10/2015 10:25:09 PM hence my ability to know how to format the Date for the comparison in my like expression as "'%d/%m/%Y %r'" .
2. This is just one step that works for Dates. Most other Types eg int, long, char ...etc... can all be directly Cast to String and as I explore more Types of data, I'll definitely do the same for any other Type that cannot be directly Cast to String.

Though this works perfectly for me, but before I mark this as the right answer, I'm going to subject it to some more extensive tests and in the process keep it open for comments by anyone that has any reservations about my strategy.

And finally, to that one person that this helped out in any way... Cheers!

Answer 2

This works in my case H2 (I use it for unit-tests), and I hope will work as well in Postgresql and Oracle, since TO_CHAR function seems to be cross-DB supported.

Path<Date> path = ua.get(MyEntity_.timestamp);
Expression<String> dateStringExpr = cb.function("TO_CHAR", String.class, path, cb.literal("DD.MM.YYYY HH24:MI:SS"));
predicates.add(cb.like(dateStringExpr, "%" + value + "%"));

PS. MyEntity_ stands for metamodel generated for real MyEntity . You may read about Metamodels in Oracle docuemntation for Criteria API .

Answer 3

I would suggest you convert you search string to Date object, and do the comparison

SimpleDateFormat dateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat(...desired date format here...);
Date dateSearchParam = dateFormat.format(search);
predicates.add(cb.eq(entity.get("dateJoined"), dateSearchParam);

Or if you want, you can change the type of your dateJoined attribute in your Entity to String, while your MySQL DB type remains DATETIME. You can utilize JPA @Convert to convert DATETIME to java.lang.String when Entity is retrieved from DB (and vice-versa when Entity is being persisted to DB).

See a sample here .

Attribute Converters are only available in JPA 2.1 version.