将文件和值作为参数传递给python中的函数

Question

I am a python newbie. I am trying to run this simple python example. I am wish to pass files and certain values as parameter to my function latcalc(). Could anyone suggest how I can pass my files and values as parameters. Or is there any better way/approach to do these things.

#!/usr/bin/python

# include the constants

min_length = 1
max_length = 30


# delays

delay = 100

# Speed of light 

c_vaccum = 3e8

global filename1
global filename2
global filename3

def openfiles():

    filename1 = open("file1.txt", "w")
    filename2 = open("file2.txt", "w")
    filename3 = open("file3.txt", "w")

def latcalc(filename,target_name,vf):


    target_name = 0

    for length in range(min_length, max_length):
            if length < 2:
                    target_name += (length/(vf * c_vaccum))
            elif length == 2:
                    target_name += delay
            else:
                    target_name = target_name

            myline="%s\t%s\n" % (length, target_name)
            filename.write(myline)


openfiles()
latcalc(filename1,lat40,0.4)
latcalc(filename2,lat80,0.8)
latcalc(filename3,lat100,1)

Answer 1

I would create a little class (give it a useful name) to encapsulate your data. If your files grow you only have to change your create_lats

min_length = 1
max_length = 30

# delays
delay = 100

# Speed of light
c_vaccum = 3e8

#Little class to keep our data in one place 
class Lat:
    def __init__(self, filename, factor):
        self.filename = filename
        self.factor = factor
        self.file = open(filename, "w") #let the class open the file


#now our function needs only one parameter, neat!
def latcalc(lat):
    target_name = 0

    for length in range(min_length, max_length):
        if length < 2:
            target_name += (length / (lat.factor * c_vaccum)) #acces the class variable
        elif length == 2:
            target_name += delay
        else:
            target_name = target_name

        myline = "%s\t%s\n" % (length, target_name)
        lat.file.write(myline)


def create_lats():
    lats = []
    lats.append(Lat("file1.txt", 0.4))
    lats.append(Lat("file2.txt", 0.8))
    lats.append(Lat("file3.txt", 1))
    return lats


#loop over your lats created in create_lats
for lat in create_lats():
    latcalc(lat)
    lat.file.close() #close the file

Answer 2

try something like this (notice the globals are gone):

def openfiles(namelist):
    ret = []
    for name in filelist:
        fi = open(name, 'w')
        ret.append(fi)
    return ret

filelist = ['file1.txt', 'file2.txt', 'file3.txt']
handles = openfiles(filelist)
for handle in handles:
    <do what ever you want>

handles will be a list of file handles corresponding to the filelist of names

note the file handle is what you pass around to do reads & writes with

also the opens could be done in the call to latcalc, since you would be doing one file per call apparently

Answer 3

As some comments point out, you don't need global variables and you should close your filehandler objects after you finished writing to them which is most conveniently done with 'with' (closing is done for you, even in case of an unexpected exception):

#!/usr/bin/python

min_length = 1
max_length = 3
delay = 100
c_vaccum = 3e8

def latcalc(filename, vf):
    target_name = 0
    for length in range(min_length, max_length):
        if length < 2:
            target_name += (length/(vf * c_vaccum))
        elif length == 2:
            target_name += delay
    myline="%s\t%d\n" % (length, target_name)

    with open(filename, "w") as f:
        f.write(myline)
    return target_name

latcalc(filename1,lat40,0.4)
latcalc(filename2,lat80,0.8)
latcalc(filename3,lat100,1)

The way you treat the parameter target_name , I assume, you are used to C-type pointers which do not exist in that form in Python. The parameter is pointless here if you set it to a new value in the first line of latcalc(). Also, you seem to treat target_name as a string when it is an int:

myline="%s\t%s\n" % (length, target_name)

If you need target_name after the method has finished, you would have to return it.

Answer 4

1) open() gives you a filehandler, and not a filename 2) Use a "with" statement for opening a file, to avoid "forgetting" closing the file when finished.

#!/usr/bin/python

# include the constants
min_length = 1
max_length = 30


# delays
delay = 100

# Speed of light 
c_vaccum = 3e8


def latcalc(filename, target_name, vf):

    with open(filename, "w") as openedFile:
        target_name = 0
        for length in range(min_length, max_length):
                if length < 2:
                        target_name += (length/(vf * c_vaccum))
                elif length == 2:
                        target_name += delay
                else:
                        target_name = target_name

                myline="%s\t%s\n" % (length, target_name)
                openedFile.write(myline)


latcalc("file1.txt", "lat40", 0.4)
latcalc("file2.txt", "lat80", 0.8)
latcalc("file3.txt", "lat100", 1)