当计算机不在活动目录中时，如何获取本地计算机组/用户列表？

Question

当Windows计算机不是AD成员并且无法使用LDAP搜索时，是否可以通过C＃获取本地组和用户列表？

Answer 1

You can use P/Invoke to call the native network management API to get local user and group names:

static class NativeMethods {

  [DllImport("netapi32.dll")]
  public static extern void NetApiBufferFree(IntPtr bufptr);

  [DllImport("netapi32.dll")]
  public static extern UInt32 NetUserEnum([MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPWStr)] String servername, UInt32 level, UInt32 filter, ref IntPtr bufptr, UInt32 prefmaxlen, ref UInt32 entriesread, ref UInt32 totalentries, IntPtr resumehandle);

  [DllImport("netapi32.dll")]
  public static extern UInt32 NetLocalGroupEnum([MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPWStr)] String servername, UInt32 level, ref IntPtr bufptr, UInt32 prefmaxlen, ref UInt32 entriesread, ref UInt32 totalentries, IntPtr resumehandle);

  [DllImport("Netapi32.dll")]
  public extern static UInt32 NetLocalGroupGetMembers([MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPWStr)] String servername, [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPWStr)] String localgroupname, UInt32 level, ref IntPtr bufptr, UInt32 prefmaxlen, ref UInt32 entriesread, ref UInt32 totalentries, IntPtr resumehandle);

}

The API allows you to get various information about users. If you only want names you can use this function:

IEnumerable<String> GetUserNames() {
  var buffer = IntPtr.Zero;
  try {
    UInt32 entriesRead = 0;
    UInt32 totalEntries = 0;
    var result = NativeMethods.NetUserEnum(null, 0, 0, ref buffer, UInt32.MaxValue, ref entriesRead, ref totalEntries, IntPtr.Zero);
    if (result != 0)
      throw new Win32Exception((Int32) result);
    var userNames = Enumerable
      .Range(0, (Int32) entriesRead)
      .Select(
        i => {
          var userInfo = Marshal.ReadIntPtr(buffer, i*IntPtr.Size);
          var userName = Marshal.PtrToStringAuto(userInfo);
          return userName;
        }
      )
      .ToList();
    return userNames;
  }
  finally {
    NativeMethods.NetApiBufferFree(buffer);
  }
}

The LINQ statement is used to "parse" the buffer that contains USER_INFO_0 strutures. If you are querying for additional information you will have to do more elaborate "parsing".

Likewise you can get local group names:

IEnumerable<String> GetLocalGroupNames() {
  var buffer = IntPtr.Zero;
  try {
    UInt32 entriesRead = 0;
    UInt32 totalEntries = 0;
    var result = NativeMethods.NetLocalGroupEnum(null, 0, ref buffer, UInt32.MaxValue, ref entriesRead, ref totalEntries, IntPtr.Zero);
    if (result != 0)
      throw new Win32Exception((Int32) result);
    var localGroupNames = Enumerable
      .Range(0, (Int32) entriesRead)
      .Select(
        i => {
          var localGroupInfo = Marshal.ReadIntPtr(buffer, i*IntPtr.Size);
          var groupName = Marshal.PtrToStringAuto(localGroupInfo);
          return groupName;
        }
      )
      .ToList();
    return localGroupNames;
  }
  finally {
    NativeMethods.NetApiBufferFree(buffer);
  }
}

The structures in the buffer are LOCALGROUP_INFO_0 with the same layout as the USER_INFO_0 structure so the "parsing" code is identical.

Finally, here is how to get group membership using the LOCALGROUP_MEMBERS_INFO_3 structure:

IEnumerable<String> GetLocalGroupUsers(String localGroupName) {
  var buffer = IntPtr.Zero;
  try {
    UInt32 entriesRead = 0;
    UInt32 totalEntries = 0;
    var result = NativeMethods.NetLocalGroupGetMembers(null, localGroupName, 3, ref buffer, UInt32.MaxValue, ref entriesRead, ref totalEntries, IntPtr.Zero);
    if (result != 0)
      throw new Win32Exception((Int32) result);
    var userNames = Enumerable
      .Range(0, (Int32) entriesRead)
      .Select(
        i => {
          var membersInfo = Marshal.ReadIntPtr(buffer, i*IntPtr.Size);
          var userName = Marshal.PtrToStringAuto(membersInfo );
          return userName;
        }
      )
      .ToList();
    return userNames;
  }
  finally {
    NativeMethods.NetApiBufferFree(buffer);
  }
}