C#无法从抽象父类对象访问子公共方法

Question

I'm learning OOAD and trying to implement class relationship with inheritance but there is an issue here is the code

Parent Class

namespace ConsoleApplication1
{
    abstract class Classification
    {
        public abstract string type();
    }
}

1st Child Class

namespace ConsoleApplication1
{
    class FullTime : Classification
    {
        bool inCampus;
        string roomDetail;
        float rent;

        public FullTime(string studentRoomDetail, float studentRent)
        {
            this.inCampus = true;
            this.roomDetail = studentRoomDetail;
            this.rent = studentRent;
        }

        public FullTime()
        {
            this.inCampus = false;
        }

        public string printAccommodationDescription()
        {
            if (!this.inCampus)
            {
                return "Not in campus";
            }
            else
            {
                return "Room: " + this.roomDetail + " Rent: " + this.rent.ToString();
            }
        }

        public override string type()
        {
            return "fulltime";
        }
    }
}

2nd Child Class

namespace ConsoleApplication1
{
    class PartTime : Classification
    {
        bool onJob;
        string jobTitle;
        float salary;

        public PartTime(string studentJobTitle, float studentSalary)
        {
            this.onJob = true;
            this.jobTitle = studentJobTitle;
            this.salary = studentSalary;

        }

        public PartTime()
        {
            this.onJob = false;
        }

        public string printJobDescription()
        {
            if (!this.onJob)
            {
                return "Not on job";
            }
            else
            {
                return "JobTitle: " + this.jobTitle + " Salary: " + this.salary.ToString();
            }
        }

        public override string type()
        {
            return "parttime";
        }
    }
}

Now in Program.cs when I tried to access method printJobDescription from PartTime class

Classification classification = new PartTime("Software Engineer", 10000);
classification.printJobDescription();

it says

Error CS1061 'Classification' does not contain a definition for 'printAccommodationDescription' and no extension method 'printAccommodationDescription' accepting a first argument of type 'Classification' could be found (are you missing a using directive or an assembly reference?)

How can I solve this issue?

UPDATE

I need the ability to let object change its class at runtime, so I have to create the object of type Classification and use either method that is not implemented in other class

Answer 1

You can only use the functions declared in the class you use.

abstract class Classification
{
  public abstract string type();
}

class PartTime : Classification
{
  public override string type() {...}
  public Job1() {...}
}

class FullTime : Classification
{
  public override string type() {...}
  public Job2() {...}
}

• A object of type Classification can only use the type()
• A object of the type PartTime can use type and Job1()
• A object of the type FullTime can use type and Job2()

If you have an object like this:

Classification classification = new PartTime();

and you don´t know which special type, you have to cast this object to use other methods:

if (classification is PartTime)
{
  ((PartTime)classification).Job1();
}
else if (classification is FullTime)
{
  ((FullTime)classification).Job2();
}

Hope this helps.

Answer 2

When casting you're object into another object type, that called Polymorphism . This translate that you can only use the methods and properties that exposed to the destination object type, which is Classification which doesn't know your method.

Simple example i made:

using System;

namespace Program
{
    public class Program
    {
        public static void Main()
        {
            Dog rex = new Dog();
            Animal rexAsAnimal = rex;

            // Can access 'MakeSound' due the fact it declared at Dog (Inherited by Animal)
            Console.WriteLine(rex.MakeSound()); // Output: Bark

            // Compilation error: rexAsAnimal is defined as 'Animal' which doesn't have the 'Bark' method.
            //Console.WriteLine(rexAsAnimal.Bark()); // Output when uncomment: Compilation error.

            // Explicitly telling the compiler to cast the object into "Dog"
            Console.WriteLine(((Dog)rexAsAnimal).Bark()); // Output: Bark
        }
    }

    public abstract class Animal
    {
        public abstract string MakeSound();
    }

    public class Dog : Animal
    {
        public override string MakeSound() { return Bark(); }
        public string Bark()
        {
            return "Bark";
        }
    }
}