用另一个原型扩展原型

Question

I would like to extend a Prototype with another Prototype. This is my current code, tried also different things, and I cannot get it to work.

Network.prototype is an empty object, why?

 function Tester() {} Tester.prototype = { clazz: 'Tester', start: function (url) {} }; function NetworkTester() {} NetworkTester.prototype = { clazz: 'NetworkTester', test: function (url) { this.start(); // this is undefined } }; var helpers = { extend2: function (ChildClass, ParentClass) { ChildClass.prototype = new ParentClass(); ChildClass.prototype.constructor = ChildClass; } }; helpers.extend2(NetworkTester, Tester); console.log(NetworkTester.prototype); 

I do not want to write NetoworkTester code like this:

 NetworkTester.prototype.clazz = 'NetworkTester'; NetworkTester.prototype.test = function (url) { this.start(); // this is undefined }; 

I want it as I have it, it is prettier.

Answer 1

Why is this happening?

Because you are overwriting the .prototype property with the following line:

ChildClass.prototype = new ParentClass();

The object created by new ParentClass(); is an object without any own properties (since you aren't assigning any in the constructor of Tester ), thus it shows up as an empty Object in the dev tools.

The internal [[Prototype]] slot of NetworkTester.prototype is set though. You can have a look at it using the Object.getPrototypeOf method:

Object.getPrototypeOf(NetworkTester.prototype)

How can this be solved?

To solve your dilemma, you would have to turn around your code order:

1. Create the new object for the .prototype property of the child, linking it to the parent:

    helpers.extend2(NetworkTester, Tester); 

2. Define the .prototype properties of the child:

    NetworkTester.prototype.x = ...; NetworkTester.prototype.y = ...; 

In order to avoid unnecessary constructor calls of the parent, you should probably use Object.create instead of the new operator.

So your code would look like this:

var helpers = {
    extend2: function (ChildClass, ParentClass) {
        ChildClass.prototype = Object.create(ParentClass.prototype);
        ChildClass.prototype.constructor = ChildClass;
    }
};

function Tester() {}

Tester.prototype = {
    clazz: 'Tester',
    start: function (url) {}
};


function NetworkTester() {}

// This needs to happen before you assign to NetworkTester.prototype
helpers.extend2(NetworkTester, Tester);

NetworkTester.prototype.clazz = 'NetworkTester';
NetworkTester.prototype.test = function (url) {
    this.start(); // this is undefined
};

console.log(NetworkTester.prototype);