如何在 Python 3.5 中使用 unittest.mock 模拟导入的库方法？

Question

Is it possible to mock methods of imported modules with unittest.mock in Python 3.5?

# file my_function.py
import os
my_function():
    # do something with os, e.g call os.listdir
    return os.listdir(os.getcwd())

# file test_my_function.py
test_my_function():
    os = MagickMock()
    os.listdir = MagickMock(side_effect=["a", "b"])
    self.assertEqual("a", my_function())

I expected that the the os.listdir method returns the specified side_effect "a" on the first call, but inside of my_function the unpatched os.listdir is called.

Answer 1

unittest.mock have two main duties:

• Define Mock objects: object designed to follow your screenplay and record every access to your mocked object
• patching references and recover the original state

In your example, you need both functionalities: Patching os.listdir reference used in production code by a mock where you can have complete control of how it will respond. There are a lot of ways to use patch , some details to take care on how use it and cavelets to know .

In your case you need to test my_function() behaviour and you need to patch both os.listdir() and os.getcwd() . Moreover what you need is control the return_value (take a look to the pointed documentation for return_value and side_effect differences).

I rewrote your example a little bit to make it more complete and clear:

my_function(nr=0):
    l = os.listdir(os.getcwd())
    l.sort()
    return l[nr]

@patch("os.getcwd")
@patch("os.listdir", return_value=["a","b"])
def test_my_function(mock_ld, mock_g): 
    self.assertEqual("a", my_function(0))
    mock_ld.assert_called_with(mock_g.return_value)
    self.assertEqual("a", my_function())
    self.assertEqual("b", my_function(1))
    with self.assertRaises(IndexError):
        my_function(3)

I used the decorator syntax because I consider it the cleaner way to do it; moreover, to avoid the introduction of too many details I didn't use autospecing that I consider a very best practice.

Last note: mocking is a powerful tool but use it and not abuse of it, patch just you need to patch and nothing more.