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单元测试和集成测试之间的界限在哪里(例如)?

[英]Where is the line between unit and integration test (on example)?

I have a problem in understanding where is (or should be) a line between those two kind of tests. 在理解这两种测试之间的界限在哪里(或应该在哪里)时,我遇到了一个问题。 So, I have a dummy example: A simple tic-tac-toe game. 因此,我有一个虚拟的例子:一个简单的井字游戏。 The game has its own board (3x3) with 9 cells. 游戏拥有自己的带有9个单元的棋盘(3x3)。 Dependencies are obvious: Game <- Board <- Cell . 依赖性很明显: 游戏<-棋盘<-单元格

Quick description: Every time user click "New Game" , the new Game is created (by GameFactory) and Board needs to be cleared/reset. 简单描述:每次用户单击“新建游戏” ,都会创建新游戏 (由GameFactory创建),并且需要清除/重置棋盘 In the entire lifetime of GameFactory there there is single object of Board. 在GameFactory的整个生命周期中,只有一个对象是Board。 Reset the Board means to create brand new Cell objects. 重置开发板意味着创建全新的单元对象。 Here is the code: 这是代码:

GameFactory: (as you can see I created Board once, so I need to reset it in Game constructor): GameFactory :(如您所见,我一次创建了Board,所以我需要在Game构造函数中将其重置):

public class GameFactory : IGameFactory
{
    private readonly IBoard board;
    public GameFactory(IBoard board)
    {
        this.board = board;
    }
    public IGame Create()
    {
        return new Game(board);
    }
}

Cell and CellFactory 细胞和细胞工厂

public interface ICell
{
    int PlayerId { get; set; }
    int Row { get; set; }
    int Column { get; set; }
}

public interface ICellFactory
{
    ICell Create(int row, int column);
}

public class CellFactory : ICellFactory
{
    public ICell Create(int row, int column)
    {
        return new Cell(row, column);
    }
}

and finally, Board : 最后, 董事会

public interface IBoard
{
    int Width { get; }
    int Height { get; }

    void Reset();

    // Rest is not important for that question
    // ... 
}

public class Board : IBoard
{
    private ICell[,] cells;
    private readonly ICellFactory cellFactory;

    public int Width { get; }
    public int Height { get; }

    public void Reset()
    {
        cells = new ICell[Height, Width];
        for (int i = 0; i < cells.GetLength(0); i++)
        {
            for (int j = 0; j < cells.GetLength(1); j++)
            {
                cells[i, j] = cellFactory.Create(i, j);
            }
        }
    }

    // Rest is not important for that question
    // ...
}

The Question: How can I test Reset method in Board object? 问题:如何在Board对象中测试Reset方法? Board is independent from the Game, but it has its own Cells and CellFactory. 董事会独立于游戏,但它拥有自己的Cells和CellFactory。

Few additional questions related: - Is it possible to create Board unit tests? 很少有其他相关问题:-是否可以创建董事会单元测试? Can I say that, if an object depends on other objects (even if they are interfaces) then it's already has to be integration test, not unit test? 我可以说,如果一个对象依赖于其他对象(即使它们是接口),那么它已经必须进行集成测试,而不是单元测试?

Here is test I made already. 这是我已经做过的测试。 (Reset is called in Board constructor): (在Board构造函数中调用了复位):

    [Test]
    public void BoardCreationTest()
    {
        var cellFactory = new CellFactory();
        IBoard board = new Board(3, 3, cellFactory);

        for (int i = 0; i < board.Height; i++)
        {
            for (int j = 0; j < board.Width; j++)
            {
                // Check if board.cells[i,j].PlayerId is zero (it has to be zero, player zero is empty cell)
                // Another thing is that cells are private, cause project doesn't need it public
                // Should I make cells public just for tests?

                // Right now I'm checking it IsMoveValid(column, row, playerId)
                // It has to be true, when player 1 wants move in certain cell (it has to be zero, player zero is empty cell)
                Assert.IsTrue(board.IsMoveValid(i, j, 1));
            }
        }
    } 

EDIT: Board constructor: 编辑: 板构造函数:

    public Board(int width, int height, ICellFactory cellFactory)
    {
        Width = width;
        Height = height;
        this.cellFactory = cellFactory;

        Reset();
    }

EDIT2: My whole test now. EDIT2:现在我的整个测试。 It passes: 它通过:

[TestFixture]
class BoardTests
{
    private IBoard board;

    [SetUp]
    public void RunBeforeAnyTests()
    {
        var cellFact = Substitute.For<ICellFactory>();
        cellFact.Create(Arg.Any<int>(), Arg.Any<int>())
            .Returns(x => new Cell((int)x[0], (int)x[1]));
        board = new Board(3, 3, cellFact);
    }

    [Test]
    public void BoardCreationTest()
    {
        board.Reset();

        for (int i = 0; i < board.Height; i++)
        {
            for (int j = 0; j < board.Width; j++)
            {
                Assert.IsTrue(board.IsMoveValid(i, j, 1));
            }
        }
    }
}

You can use a simple stub for CellFactory and Cell , using NSubstitute for example. 您可以对CellFactoryCell使用简单的存根,例如使用NSubstitute In this case you will test only Reset method logic 在这种情况下,您将只测试Reset方法的逻辑

[Test]
public void BoardCreationTest()
{
    var board = CreateBoard();

    //Calling method explicitly makes test more readable
    board.Reset();

    for (int i = 0; i < board.Height; i++)
    {
        for (int j = 0; j < board.Width; j++)
        {
           Assert.IsTrue(board.IsMoveValid(i, j, 1));
        }
    }
}

private IBoard CreateBoard()
{
    var cellFactory = Substitute.For<ICellFactory>();
    //You may replace Cell with another mock or smth else. Depends on your assert section.
    cellFactory.Create(Arg.Any<int>(), Arg.Any<int>())
       .Returns(x => new Cell((int)x[0], (int)x[1]));        
    IBoard board = new Board(3, 3, cellFactory);
} 

Unit test mean that you test a single unit of logic. Unit test意味着您测试一个逻辑单元。 So replacing all dependencies with fakes, gives you ability to test only one unit of logic. 因此,将所有依赖项替换为伪造品,使您能够仅测试一个逻辑单元。

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