运行单个测试时找不到PHPUNIT_Framework_TestCase

Question

I am trying to use PHPUnit testing with Laravel 5.2.10 . I have PHPUnit 5.1.4 installed locally within my project.

When I run:

phpunit

PHPUnit runs all tests in my test directory perfectly.

However, when I run:

phpunit tests/unit/testThatFails.php

I get:

PHP Fatal error:  Class 'PHPUNIT_Framework_TestCase' not found in ...

The strange thing is that when I run phpunit it is succesfully running every test in the test directory, including this testThatFails.php just fine.

Why does it break when I try to run just one test?

Update:
Here is my phpunit.xml :

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<phpunit backupGlobals="false"
         backupStaticAttributes="false"
         bootstrap="bootstrap/autoload.php"
         colors="true"
         convertErrorsToExceptions="true"
         convertNoticesToExceptions="true"
         convertWarningsToExceptions="true"
         processIsolation="false"
         stopOnFailure="false">
    <testsuites>
        <testsuite name="Application Test Suite">
            <directory>./tests/</directory>
        </testsuite>
    </testsuites>
    <filter>
        <whitelist>
            <directory suffix=".php">app/</directory>
        </whitelist>
    </filter>
    <php>
        <env name="APP_ENV" value="testing"/>
        <env name="CACHE_DRIVER" value="array"/>
        <env name="SESSION_DRIVER" value="array"/>
        <env name="QUEUE_DRIVER" value="sync"/>
    </php>
</phpunit>

Update:
For now, since I am using Laravel, I am circumventing this issue by extending TestCase rather than PHPUNIT_Framework_TestCase , and my tests are able to run as expected. However, this is just a circumvention and not a solution . (It is also strange to me that this works given the fact that TestCase itself does ultimately extend from PHPUNIT_Framework_TestCase .

Answer 1

The message says PHPUNIT_Framework_TestCase , but the class is actually called PHPUnit_Framework_TestCase . Now here is the tricky thing

• Class names in PHP are case insensitive, that's why it works when you run the whole test suite and the class is already loaded. BUT
• The autoloader is case sensitive, because your file system is case sensitive and it cannot guess the correct case.

So when you run the test separately, the class PHPUNIT_Framework_TestCase is not loaded before your test case file is included and the autoloader will look for a file PHPUNIT/Framework/TestCase.php instead of PHPUnit/Framework/TestCase.php . This file does not exist and you receive the "class not found" error.

Solution

Replace

class TestThatFails extends PHPUNIT_Framework_TestCase

with

class TestThatFails extends PHPUnit_Framework_TestCase

Answer 2

PHPUnit loads the configuration file phpunit.xml (see here ) that actually holds the info about the bootstrap file

...
bootstrap="tests/bootstrap.php"
...

It is the bootstrap.php that loads the autoloader thus making all of those classes available in your app.

require __DIR__.'/../vendor/autoload.php';

The autoload.php , probably, is not included in the testThatFails.php . The autoload php loads the PHPUNIT_Framework_TestCase along with other files/classes that may be relevant to this case (some other unit test classes, etc.). IMHO the best way, other than including it in the phpunit.xml , is to include the bootstrap file as an argument in command

phpunit --bootstrap bootstrap/autoload.php testThatFails.php