检查非空终止字符串的有效性

Question

I am having trouble wrapping my brain around null terminators and non-null terminating arrays.

Let's say I have two declarations:

const char *string = "mike";

and

const char string[4] = {'m', 'i', 'k', 'e'};

I understand the first declaration is because in C, a character array is null terminated because it is a defined to be a contiguous block of characters in memory terminated by a NULL and I can check this with strlen .

The problem that I'm having is understanding declarations like the second, with no null terminator.

How can I check for validity of a string with no null terminator? (as in, what if there are additional values in the array?)

Answer 1

You can't. A string with no null terminator is not a string. It's just an array of characters. AC string must have a null terminator to be considered a string.

You'd have to deal with it like you would with an int[] array or any other type of array: keep track of the size separately, if it's not a known fixed size. Since it's not a string, you couldn't call string functions like strlen .

Answer 2

How can I check for validity of a string with no null terminator?

You need to know array bounds in order to see if a null-terminated string is contained within the bounds. Here is how you can do that in your example:

const char string[4] = {'m', 'i', 'k', 'e'};
int good = 0;
for (int i = 0 ; i != sizeof(string) ; i++) {
    if (string[i] == '\0') {
        good = 1;
        break;
    }
}
if (good) {
    printf("String '%s' is null-terminated.\n", string);
} else {
    printf("String is not null-terminated; cannot print.\n");
}

Although C library provides support only for null-terminated strings, you could use character arrays without null termination as long as you have access to their size (ie it's an array, not a pointer). For example, you could print your array like this:

printf("'%.*s'\n", sizeof(string), string);

Answer 3

A string needs to end will a null terminator. If you tried to do printf("%s",string) on the second example or use functions like strcmp , strcpy , or strlen it would not work. It is true the a string is just an array of characters with a null terminator, but the null terminator needs to be there if is to be consider a string. So if you are not sure that you actually have an array of characters that is null terminated, you'll need to check for the null terminator.

This distinction is very important, but the similarities can be used to your advantage especially when you get to the embedded level of programming and are reviving characters across a wire. Let's just say you have a buffer that you are putting revived characters in and you are looking for the string "mike". You most likely will not receive a null terminator across a wire so when you search for the string, you'll either need to compare the characters individually or use strncmp which only compares the number of characters that you tell it to which if you have a hardcoded string you can use strlen to get the size of that string you use for strncmp .