如何在Python中过滤和格式化来自输入函数的数据？

Question

When I define a struct in C, I can use the scanf function to get and format the data from standard input.

For example:

struct date { int day; int month; int year;}; 
struct date today;

scanf("%i/%i/%i", &today.day, &today.month, &today.year)

But how could I get the same function in Python if I have already define a new class? I have tried to compose a code but it's too long. Could you please introduce a simple way?

Answer 1

Code:

class Date(object):
    def __init__(self, day=None, month=None, year=None):
        self.day = day
        self.month = month
        self.year = year

val = raw_input("Enter date in day/month/year format: ")
vals = val.split("/")
today = Date(*vals)

print "{}/{}/{}".format(today.day, today.month, today.year)

Gives:

% python filterformat.py
Enter date in day/month/year format: 14/02/2016
14/02/2016

Answer 2

Python comes with bells and whistles, use them:

import datetime as dt

# input for python3, raw_input for python2
datestr = input('Please enter a date using this format: %d/%m/%Y')
date = dt.date.strptime(datestr, format='%d/%m/%Y')

print('You entered {:%d/%m/%Y}'.format(date))

See the datetime docs for more info: https://docs.python.org/2/library/datetime.html#strftime-strptime-behavior

Answer 3

You can use the dateparser module. From the docs:

This will try to parse a date from the given string, attempting to detect the language each time.

The parse function will parse almost any standard date format, and return a datetime object from a given string, where datetime is standard and built into python.

Usage for date input from user:

import dateparser
date_from_user=input('Enter a date') 
datetime_obj=dateparser.parse(date_from_user)
print(datetime_obj.year, datetime_obj.month, datetime_obj.day)