Django Rest Framework可写嵌套序列化器，具有多个嵌套对象

Question

I'm trying to create a writable nested serializer. My parent model is Game and the nested models are Measurements. I am trying to post this data to my DRF application using AJAX. However, when try to post the data, the nested Measurements are empty OrderedDict().

Here are my models:

class Game(models.Model):
    start_timestamp = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=False)
    end_timestamp = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=False)
    date_added = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)


class Measurement(models.Model):
    game = models.ForeignKey(Game, on_delete=models.PROTECT, related_name='measurements')
    measurement_type = models.CharField(max_length=56)
    measurement = models.CharField(max_length=56)
    timestamp = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=False)
    date_added = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)

Here are my serializers:

class MeasurementSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
        timestamp = serializers.DateTimeField(input_formats=(['%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%Z', 'iso-8601']), required=False)

        class Meta:
            model = Measurement
            fields = ('measurement_type', 'measurement', 'timestamp')


class GameSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    start_timestamp = serializers.DateTimeField(input_formats=(['%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%Z', 'iso-8601']))
    end_timestamp = serializers.DateTimeField(input_formats=(['%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%Z', 'iso-8601']))
    measurements = MeasurementSerializer(many=True)

    class Meta:
        model = Game
        fields = ('id', 'start_timestamp', 'end_timestamp', 'measurements')

    def create(self, validated_data):
        measurements = validated_data.pop('measurements')
        game = Game.objects.create(**validated_data)
        for measurement in measurements:
            Measurement.objects.create(game=game, **measurement)
        return game

My view for Game is the following:

class GameList(generics.ListCreateAPIView):
    queryset = Game.objects.all()
    serializer_class = GameSerializer

I followed this tutorial for the structure.

I am trying to post to this API via AJAX, the code below:

 $.ajax({
         url: base_url + '/games/',
         dataType: "json",
         data: {
                "start_timestamp": "2016-02-16 14:51:43.000000",
                "end_timestamp": "2016-02-16 14:53:43.000000",
                "measurements":[
                    {'measurement_type':'type1', 'measurement':'71', 'timestamp':'2016-02-16 14:53:43.000000'},
                    {'measurement_type':'type1', 'measurement':'72', 'timestamp':'2016-02-16 14:54:43.000000'},
                    {'measurement_type':'type1', 'measurement':'73', 'timestamp':'2016-02-16 14:55:43.000000'},
                ]
                },
         type: 'POST'
     })
     .error(function(r){})
     .success(function(data){})
 });

On posting this data, I find in the create method within the GameSerializer that the validate_data.pop('measurements') contains a list of 3 ordered dictionaries (OrderedDict()) that are empty.

UPDATE: I've found that that the initial_data coming in via request.data is structured like so:

'emotion_measurements[0][measurement_type]' (4397175560) = {list} ['type1']
'emotion_measurements[0][measurement]' (4397285512) = {list} ['71']
'emotion_measurements[0][timestamp]' (4397285600) = {list} ['2016-02-16 14:53:43.000000']
'emotion_measurements[1][measurement_type]' (4397175040) = {list} ['type1']
'emotion_measurements[1][measurement]' (4397285864) = {list} ['72']
'emotion_measurements[1][timestamp]' (4397285952) = {list} ['2016-02-16 14:54:43.000000']
'emotion_measurements[2][measurement_type]' (4397175040) = {list} ['type1']
'emotion_measurements[2][measurement]' (4397285864) = {list} ['73']
'emotion_measurements[2][timestamp]' (4397285952) = {list} ['2016-02-16 14:55:43.000000']

Has anyone encountered this issue before? Thanks!

UPDATE #2

I was able to resolve this (although I believe it is more of a workaround than a solution) by adding the following to my MeasurementSerializer:

def to_internal_value(self, data):
        formatted_data = json.dumps(data)
        formatted_data = formatted_data.replace("[", "").replace("]","")
        formatted_data = json.loads(formatted_data)
        return formatted_data

The Measurement data coming in was a QueryDict when I believe I needed a Dict. There were also some extra brackets around the key and values so I had to remove those as well.

Still seeking a better answer than this!

Answer 1

The problem here is on the front-end side. By default the server interprets the data as application/x-www-form-urlencoded and in order for it to understand that you are sending it a json , you need to specify the contentType in your $.ajax request:

$.ajax({
     url: base_url + '/games/',
     dataType: "json",
     data: {...},
     contentType: 'application/json; charset=UTF-8',  // add this line
     type: 'POST'
 })
 .error(function(r){})
 .success(function(data){});

Now your validated_data.pop('measurements') in create() method of your GameSerializer should yield three objects with your measurements (but don't forget to redo your workaround from Update#2).