Python扭曲：HTTPS API的反向代理：无法连接

Question

I am trying to build a reverse-proxy to talk to certain APIs(like Twitter, Github, Instagram) that I can then call with my reverse-proxy to any (client) applications I want (think of it like an API-manager).

Also, I am using an LXC-container to do this.

For example, here is the simplest of code that I hacked from the examples on the Twisted Docs:

from twisted.internet import reactor
from twisted.web import proxy, server
from twisted.python.log import startLogging
from sys import stdout
startLogging(stdout)

site = server.Site(proxy.ReverseProxyResource('https://api.github.com/users/defunkt', 443, b''))
reactor.listenTCP(8080, site)
reactor.run()

When I do CURL within the container, I get a valid request (meaning I get the appropriate JSON response).

Here is how I used the CURL command:

curl https://api.github.com/users/defunkt

And here is the output I get:

{
  "login": "defunkt",
  "id": 2,
  "avatar_url": "https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/2?v=3",
  "gravatar_id": "",
  "url": "https://api.github.com/users/defunkt",
  "html_url": "https://github.com/defunkt",
  "followers_url": "https://api.github.com/users/defunkt/followers",
  "following_url": "https://api.github.com/users/defunkt/following{/other_user}",
  "gists_url": "https://api.github.com/users/defunkt/gists{/gist_id}",
  "starred_url": "https://api.github.com/users/defunkt/starred{/owner}{/repo}",
  "subscriptions_url": "https://api.github.com/users/defunkt/subscriptions",
  "organizations_url": "https://api.github.com/users/defunkt/orgs",
  "repos_url": "https://api.github.com/users/defunkt/repos",
  "events_url": "https://api.github.com/users/defunkt/events{/privacy}",
  "received_events_url": "https://api.github.com/users/defunkt/received_events",
  "type": "User",
  "site_admin": true,
  "name": "Chris Wanstrath",
  "company": "GitHub",
  "blog": "http://chriswanstrath.com/",
  "location": "San Francisco",
  "email": "chris@github.com",
  "hireable": true,
  "bio": null,
  "public_repos": 107,
  "public_gists": 280,
  "followers": 15153,
  "following": 208,
  "created_at": "2007-10-20T05:24:19Z",
  "updated_at": "2016-02-26T22:34:27Z"
}

However, when I attempt fetching the proxy via Firefox using:

http://10.5.5.225:8080/

I get: "Could not connect"

This is what my Twisted log looks like:

2016-02-27 [-] Log opened.

2016-02-27 [-] Site starting on 8080

2016-02-27 [-] Starting factory

2016-02-27 [-] Starting factory

2016-02-27 [-] "10.5.5.225" - - [27/Feb/2016: +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 501 26 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Debian; Linux x86_64; rv:44.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/44.0"

2016-02-27 [-] Stopping factory

How can I use Twisted to make an API call (most APIs are HTTPS nowadays anyway) and get the required response (basically, what the "200" response/JSON should be)?

I tried looking at this question: Convert HTTP Proxy to HTTPS Proxy in Twisted

But it didn't make much sense from a coding point-of-view (or mention anything about reverse-proxying).

**Edit: I also tried switching out the HTTPS API call for a regular HTTP call using:

curl http[colon][slash][slash]openlibrary[dot]org[slash]authors[slash]OL1A.json

(URL above has been formatted to avoid link-conflict issue)

However, I still get the same error in my browser (as mentioned above).

**Edit2: I have tried running your code, but I get this error:

Error-screenshot

If you look at the image, you will see the error (when running the code) of:

builtins.AttributeError: 'str' object has no attribute 'decode'

Answer 1

If you read the API documentation for ReverseProxyResource , you will see that the signature of __init__ is:

def __init__(self, host, port, path, reactor=reactor):

and " host " is documented as "the host of the web server to proxy".

So you are passing a URI where Twisted expects a host.

Worse yet, ReverseProxyResource is designed for local use on a web server, and doesn't quite support https:// URLs out of the box.

It does have a (very limited) extensibility hook though - proxyClientFactoryClass - and to apologize for ReverseProxyResource not having what you need out of the box, I will show you how to use that to extend ReverseProxyResource to add https:// support so you can use the GitHub API :).

from twisted.web import proxy, server
from twisted.logger import globalLogBeginner, textFileLogObserver
from twisted.protocols.tls import TLSMemoryBIOFactory
from twisted.internet import ssl, defer, task, endpoints
from sys import stdout
globalLogBeginner.beginLoggingTo([textFileLogObserver(stdout)])

class HTTPSReverseProxyResource(proxy.ReverseProxyResource, object):
    def proxyClientFactoryClass(self, *args, **kwargs):
        """
        Make all connections using HTTPS.
        """
        return TLSMemoryBIOFactory(
            ssl.optionsForClientTLS(self.host.decode("ascii")), True,
            super(HTTPSReverseProxyResource, self)
            .proxyClientFactoryClass(*args, **kwargs))
    def getChild(self, path, request):
        """
        Ensure that implementation of C{proxyClientFactoryClass} is honored
        down the resource chain.
        """
        child = super(HTTPSReverseProxyResource, self).getChild(path, request)
        return HTTPSReverseProxyResource(child.host, child.port, child.path,
                                         child.reactor)

@task.react
def main(reactor):
    import sys
    forever = defer.Deferred()
    myProxy = HTTPSReverseProxyResource('api.github.com', 443,
                                        b'/users/defunkt')
    myProxy.putChild("", myProxy)
    site = server.Site(myProxy)
    endpoint = endpoints.serverFromString(
        reactor,
        dict(enumerate(sys.argv)).get(1, "tcp:8080:interface=127.0.0.1")
    )
    endpoint.listen(site)
    return forever

If you run this, curl http://localhost:8080/ should do what you expect.

I've taken the liberty of modernizing your Twisted code somewhat; endpoints instead of listenTCP , logger instead of twisted.python.log , and react instead of starting the reactor yourself.

The weird little putChild piece at the end there is because when we pass b"/users/defunkt" as the path, that means a request for / will result in the client requesting /users/defunkt/ (note the trailing slash), which is a 404 in GitHub's API. If we explicitly proxy the empty-child-segment path as if it did not have the trailing segment, I believe it will do what you expect.

PLEASE NOTE : proxying from plain-text HTTP to encrypted HTTPS can be extremely dangerous , so I've added a default listening interface here of localhost-only. If your bytes transit over an actual network, you should ensure that they are properly encrypted with TLS.