[英]“Expected a type specifier” error when creating an object of a class inside another class declaration
I have a class called scratch and have used scratch.h to declare it. 我有一个名为scratch的类,并已使用scratch.h对其进行了声明。
Now I have another class called scratch2 under scratch2.h and want to create an object of scratch as a shared pointer . 现在我有下scratch2.h另一个类称为scratch2,想从头开始创建一个对象作为共享指针 。
This is the syntax I used inside scratch2 class declartion: 这是我在scratch2类声明中使用的语法:
std::shared_ptr<scratch> newObject(new scratch());
But I am getting this error: Error: Expected type specifier
但我收到此错误: Error: Expected type specifier
So I tried this instead: 所以我尝试这样做:
std::shared_ptr<scratch> newObject2 = std::make_shared<scratch>();
which works fine. 效果很好。 Can anyone please tell me why the first one isn't working? 谁能告诉我为什么第一个不工作?
My scratch.h code: 我的scratch.h代码:
#ifndef _SCRATCH_
#define _SCRATCH_
#include <iostream>
class scratch {
private:
int _a;
float _b;
std::string _s;
public:
scratch();
scratch(int a, float b, std::string n);
~scratch();
};
#endif
and my scratch2.h: 和我的scratch2.h:
#ifndef _SCRATCH_2_
#define _SCRATCH_2_
#include "scratch.h"
#include <memory>
class scratch2 {
std::shared_ptr<scratch> newObject(new scratch()); // Expected a type specifier error occurs here
std::shared_ptr<scratch> newObject2 = std::make_shared<scratch>(); // works fine here
};
#endif
Because in the context of declaring class members: 因为在声明类成员的上下文中:
std::shared_ptr<scratch> newObject(new scratch());
This initially looks to the compiler as a class method declaration. 最初,它将编译器视为类方法声明。 C++'s syntax is very complicated. C ++的语法非常复杂。 You can look at the entire declaration and understand what it's trying to do, but the compiler is parsing keywords one keyword at a time, and sees this: 您可以查看整个声明并了解它要执行的操作,但是编译器一次解析一个关键字,并且看到以下内容:
type name ( ... 类型 名称 (...
inside a class declaration, and this starts to look like a class method declaration, and that's what the compiler tried to parse, and failed. 在类声明中,它开始看起来像类方法声明,这就是编译器试图解析的结果,但失败了。
The formal specification of the C++ language spills a lot of ink on the subject of how things should be declared, mindful of the current state of compiler technology. 考虑到编译器技术的当前状态,C ++语言的正式规范在应该如何声明事物的主题上花了很多墨水。
You need to work with the compiler, and use an alternate syntax that's unambiguous: 您需要使用编译器,并使用明确的替代语法:
std::shared_ptr<scratch> newObject = std::shared_ptr<scratch>(new scratch());
Verified with gcc 5.3 已通过gcc 5.3验证
Inside of a class definition, there are only two ways you're allowed to initialize your members. 在类定义内部,只有两种方式可以用来初始化成员。 You can use =
and you can use {}
. 您可以使用=
,也可以使用{}
。 You are not allowed to use ()
: 您不可以使用()
:
struct foo {
int x = 4; // OK
int y{7}; // OK
int z(12); // error
};
Admittedly, the compiler error in this case is extremely unhelpful. 诚然,这种情况下的编译器错误是毫无帮助的。
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