std::unordered_map 使用枚举和定义的类

Question

I'm trying to define a std::unordered_map using an enum class as the key and a defined class as the referenced object:

std::unordered_map<Dimension, unit, EnumClassHash> SI_Dim;
SI_Dim[Dimension::MASS] = BaseSIUnits::kilogram;

Dimension is an enum class declared in a separate header file as

enum class Dimension{MASS, TIME, LENGTH, TEMPERATURE, CURRENT, QUANTITY, ANGLE, FORCE, ENERGY, POWER,
                 AREA, VOLUME, NONDIMENSIONAL};

with EnumClassHash as a hashing function (which I can post the code for if it's relevant).

BaseSIUnits::kilogram is defined a few lines above this as

const unit BaseSIUnits::kilogram = unit(1, "kg", Dimension::MASS);

which compiles just fine. But the SI_Dim[Dimension::MASS] = BaseSIUnits::kilogram; line gives me an error. In QtCreator (my IDE) it says "expected a declaration" and g++ gives the error "SI_Dim does not name a type." Neither of these make any sense to me. Also, when looking at the line in QtCreator, neither Dimension::MASS or BaseSIUnits::kilogram is highlighted (almost as if they're unrecognized, even though I know they are). I don't have much experience with std::unordered_map, so this is probably some simple syntax error I'm missing. But the syntax looks right to me based on examples I've looked at.

Answer 1

As Praetorian noted in the comment, you can't really have code outside of functions in C++ (except for initializing global/static variables). If you need such code (ie, code that cannot be written as initialization), then you can write a function init_si_dim which is required to be called (once) prior to use. See this question for a way of automating this through a global object of an ad-hoc class that does the initialization in the constructor.

On a separate direction, the use of an unordered map for your type of enum , seems a bit odd. Given that you have so few values, and are not assigning specific integer values to the enum values, I think that you're better off with a random-access container, eg, through std::array .

Consider the following code

#include <array>                                                                                                                            

enum class dimension{mass, time, length};

inline constexpr std::size_t dimension_to_index(dimension d)
{
    return static_cast<std::size_t>(d) - static_cast<std::size_t>(dimension::mass);
}

struct foo{};

std::array<foo, 1 + dimension_to_index(dimension::length)> v;

int main()
{
    v[dimension_to_index(dimension::time)];
}   

We first have the enum , then a safe function for converting its values to indices. We then define an array object. As you can see in main , it's possible now to access the array elements via the enum values.