[英]Why does this memory copy of a struct not copy bytes to byte stream as expected?
I need to serialise a struct and I am trying to do this using memcpy.我需要序列化一个结构,我正在尝试使用 memcpy 来做到这一点。 But it is not working.但它不起作用。 I can tell by looking at the byte stream - I see garbage characters.我可以通过查看字节流来判断 - 我看到了垃圾字符。 Why?为什么?
Also I get runtime error:我也得到运行时错误:
Run-Time Check Failure #2 - Stack around the variable 'addresses' was corrupted.运行时检查失败 #2 - 变量“地址”周围的堆栈已损坏。
What is happening and how can I fix this?发生了什么,我该如何解决?
I am using #pragma pack(push, 1)
which I thought would mean there would be no padding of the structs.我正在使用#pragma pack(push, 1)
,我认为这意味着不会对结构进行填充。
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#pragma pack(push, 1) /* padding has to be disabled for casting to struct to work at other end */
typedef struct {
uint8_t start_char;
uint8_t msg_type;
uint8_t length;
} MSG_HEADER;
typedef struct {
uint8_t denomination[6];
uint8_t path;
uint8_t min_level;
uint16_t max_level;
uint16_t weight;
uint8_t address;
} CONFIG_DATA;
typedef struct {
MSG_HEADER header;
uint8_t clear_type;
CONFIG_DATA config_data[12];
uint8_t system_algorithm;
uint8_t max_transaction;
} MSG_CONFIGURATION;
#pragma pack(pop) /* only affect this file */
typedef struct {
unsigned char data[256];
size_t length;
int msg_type;
} TCHU_MESSAGE;
enum DRM_MESSAGE_TYPE {
CONFIG, CLEAR_COUNT, DISPENSE, CANCEL_TRANSACTION };
void TestCopy()
{
MSG_CONFIGURATION config;
config.clear_type = 0;
config.system_algorithm = 0;
config.max_transaction = 17;
const int NumItems = 12;
const uint16_t maxLevel = 300;
static const char* denoms[] = { "GB005A","GB005B","GB010A","GB010B",
"GB020A","GB050A","GB050B","GB100A",
"GB100B","GB200A", "EU100A", "EU100B" };
const uint8_t addresses[] = { 0, 0, 5, 5, 0, 7, 7, 8, 8, 9, 0, 0 };
const uint8_t sorting_paths[] = { 5, 5, 4, 4, 5, 2, 2, 1, 1, 3, 0, 0 };
for(int i = 0; i < NumItems; ++i) {
memcpy(config.config_data[i].denomination, denoms[i], 6);
config.config_data[i].address = addresses[i];
config.config_data[i].path = sorting_paths[i];
config.config_data[i].min_level = 3;
config.config_data[i].max_level = maxLevel;
config.config_data[i].weight = 1000;
}
config.header.start_char = 1;
config.header.msg_type = 2;
config.header.length = sizeof(MSG_CONFIGURATION);
TCHU_MESSAGE tchu_msg = {0};
// why does the memcpy not work? How can I get it to work?
memcpy(tchu_msg.data, &config+sizeof(MSG_HEADER), sizeof(MSG_CONFIGURATION) - sizeof(MSG_HEADER));
printf("sizeof(MSG_HEADER) = %u\n", sizeof(MSG_HEADER));
printf("sizeof(MSG_CONFIGURATION) = %u\n", sizeof(MSG_CONFIGURATION));
// get garbage in copyconfig
MSG_CONFIGURATION copyconfig;
memcpy(©config+sizeof(MSG_HEADER), tchu_msg.data, sizeof(MSG_CONFIGURATION) - sizeof(MSG_HEADER));
if(copyconfig.header.start_char != config.header.start_char)
{
// we get to here
printf("mismatch between original and copy\n");
}
}
int main() {
TestCopy();
// I also get Run-Time Check Failure #2 - Stack around the variable 'addresses' was corrupted.
// when program ends
}
My compiler instantly told me what was wrong:我的编译器立即告诉我出了什么问题:
warning: '__builtin___memcpy_chk' will always overflow destination buffer [-Wbuiltin-memcpy-chk-size]
memcpy(©config+sizeof(MSG_HEADER), tchu_msg.data, sizeof(MSG_CONFIGURATION) - sizeof(MSG_HEADER));
Why is that?这是为什么? Well, let's look at the destination:好吧,让我们看看目的地:
©config + sizeof(MSG_HEADER)
That means "Take the address of copyconfig
, treat it as an array, and take the Nth object where N is sizeof(MSG_HEADER)
. I think you thought it would add N bytes, but it actually adds N instances of MSG_CONFIGURATION
. Instead, use this:这意味着“取copyconfig
的地址,将其视为一个数组,并取第 N 个对象,其中 N 为sizeof(MSG_HEADER)
。我认为您认为它会添加 N 个字节,但它实际上添加了 N 个MSG_CONFIGURATION
实例。相反,使用这个:
©config.header + 1
That is, "Take the address of copyconfig.header
and go to just beyond it."也就是说,“获取copyconfig.header
的地址并转到它之外。”
You could equally do this:你同样可以这样做:
(char*)©config + sizeof(MSG_HEADER)
Because the size of one char
is one byte.因为一个char
的大小是一个字节。 Or, since your struct is packed:或者,由于您的结构已打包:
©config.clear_type
Because that's the address of the first byte you actually want to copy into.因为那是您实际要复制到的第一个字节的地址。
For more details, read: Pointer Arithmetic .有关更多详细信息,请阅读: 指针算术。
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