在 Oracle 中根据对自身的自联接查询更新表中的值

Question

I have a table that contains logged events for manufactured items. We consider each event as having 2 statuses that are based on detail and calculations from the prior logged events for the same item. So, I've developed a SELECT query that uses multiple self-joins to analyze factors from prior events relative to each event, and calculates the statuses. But because this query is relatively slow, I have added 2 status columns, and I want to UPDATE the columns with the calculated statuses well after the events happen. This way I can get fast reports later on the status columns instead of having to run all the calculations each time.

Here would be my table:

CREATE TABLE ItemLog
(
   ItemID decimal(11) NOT NULL,
   MessageTime DATE NOT NULL, 
   Temperature float(7), 
   Voltage float(7),
   Status1 VARCHAR2(10 BYTE), 
   Status2 VARCHAR2(10 BYTE),
   CONSTRAINT "ItemLog_PK" PRIMARY KEY ("ItemID ", "MessageTime ")
);

My SELECT calculation query is something like this:

SELECT ItemID, MessageTime, 
    CASE WHEN A.Voltage<B.Voltage and A.Voltage<C.Avg_Voltage and C.SD_Voltage<5 THEN 'Good' ELSE 'Bad' END Calculated_Status1, 
    CASE WHEN A.Temperature<B.Temperature and A.Temperature>C.Temperature and C.SD_Temperature>10 THEN 'Good' ELSE 'Bad' END Calculated_Status2 
FROM ItemLog A,
   (SELECT F.ItemID,
        F.MessageTime Key_MessageTime,
        S.Voltage,
        S.Temperature
    FROM ItemLog F,
        ItemLog S
    WHERE F.ItemID=S.ItemID 
        and S.MessageTime=
            SELECT MAX(MessageTime)
            FROM ItemLog
            WHERE ItemID=F.ItemID
               and MessageTime<F.MessageTime
               and Voltage<12
               and Temperature<125
    ) B,  -- Returns the Voltage and Temperature from the prior time it was <12 and <125
   (SELECT K.ItemID, K.MessageTime,
        AVG(L.Temp) Avg_Temperature, STDDEV(L.Temperature) SD_Temp, 
        AVG(L.Voltage) Avg_Voltage, STDDEV(L.Voltage) SD_Voltage 
    FROM ItemLog K,
        ItemLog L
    WHERE K.ItemID=L.ItemID 
        and L.MessageTime=
            SELECT MAX(MessageTime)
            FROM ItemLog
            WHERE ItemID=K.ItemID
               and MessageTime<K.MessageTime
    GROUP BY K.ItemID, K.MessageTime
     ) C  -- Returns the Voltage and Temperature stats from all prior messages
   (SELECT ItemID 
    FROM ItemLog
    WHERE Voltage>40
     ) D  -- Returns all ItemID where Voltage was ever >40, to exclude them
WHERE A.ItemID=B.ItemID and A.MessageTime=B.MessageTime
  and A.ItemID=C.ItemID and A.MessageTime=C.MessageTime
  and A.ItemID=D.ItemID(+) and D.ItemID IS NULL

So, the question is, how can I update the Status1 and Status2 columns in the table to be the Calculated_Status1 and Calculated Status2 columns? I've tried taking my calculation query and joining it to the table by the 2 primary keys, but I get the "ORA-01779: cannot modify a column which maps to a non key-preserved table" error.

UPDATE ( 
    SELECT U.*,
        V.Calculated_Status1
        V.Calculated_Status2
    FROM ItemLog U,
        ( <calculation query above> ) V
    WHERE U.ItemID=V.ItemID and U.MessageTime=V.MessageTime )
SET U.Status1=V.CalculatedStatus1,
    U.Status2=V.CalculatedStatus2

I could imagine an UPDATE with a SET Status1=(SELECT... but that would need some sort of correlated WHERE for the ItemID and MessageTime, and I'd expect it to run horribly slow. It would seem that there should be a more direct way to do this?

Answer 1

I hope the solution you are looking for can be served up using MERGE statement. I hope the query which you have posted is correct. I have build the solution on top of the query. Let me know if this helps.

MERGE INTO ItemLog it USING
(SELECT ItemID, MessageTime, 
    CASE WHEN A.Voltage<B.Voltage and A.Voltage<C.Avg_Voltage and C.SD_Voltage<5 THEN 'Good' ELSE 'Bad' END Calculated_Status1, 
    CASE WHEN A.Temperature<B.Temperature and A.Temperature>C.Temperature and C.SD_Temperature>10 THEN 'Good' ELSE 'Bad' END Calculated_Status2 
FROM ItemLog A,
   (SELECT F.ItemID,
        F.MessageTime Key_MessageTime,
        S.Voltage,
        S.Temperature
    FROM ItemLog F,
        ItemLog S
    WHERE F.ItemID=S.ItemID 
        and S.MessageTime=
            SELECT MAX(MessageTime)
            FROM ItemLog
            WHERE ItemID=F.ItemID
               and MessageTime<F.MessageTime
               and Voltage<12
               and Temperature<125
    ) B,  -- Returns the Voltage and Temperature from the prior time it was <12 and <125
   (SELECT K.ItemID, K.MessageTime,
        AVG(L.Temp) Avg_Temperature, STDDEV(L.Temperature) SD_Temp, 
        AVG(L.Voltage) Avg_Voltage, STDDEV(L.Voltage) SD_Voltage 
    FROM ItemLog K,
        ItemLog L
    WHERE K.ItemID=L.ItemID 
        and L.MessageTime=
            SELECT MAX(MessageTime)
            FROM ItemLog
            WHERE ItemID=K.ItemID
               and MessageTime<K.MessageTime
    GROUP BY K.ItemID, K.MessageTime
     ) C  -- Returns the Voltage and Temperature stats from all prior messages
   (SELECT ItemID 
    FROM ItemLog
    WHERE Voltage>40
     ) D  -- Returns all ItemID where Voltage was ever >40, to exclude them
WHERE A.ItemID=B.ItemID and A.MessageTime=B.MessageTime
  and A.ItemID=C.ItemID and A.MessageTime=C.MessageTime
  and A.ItemID=D.ItemID(+) and D.ItemID IS NULL)z
ON
(it.ItemID = z.ItemID AND it.MessageTime = z.MessageTime)
WHEN MATCHED THEN
UPDATE SET it.STATUS1 = z.Calculated_Status1,
       it.STATUS2 = z.Calculated_Status2;