Python在ldconfig -p确实找到的/ usr / lib / x86_64-linux-gnu中找不到库

Question

I'm trying to use the python module cairocffi. I use Debian (Stretch) on x86-64, so I installed the apt package libcairo2-dev and installed the cairocffi python package using pip. This all went well. But when I try to import it, it fails to load the module:

$ python -c "import cairocffi; print('OK')"
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<string>", line 1, in <module>
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/cairocffi/__init__.py", line 46, in <module>
    cairo = dlopen(ffi, 'cairo', 'cairo-2')
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/cairocffi/__init__.py", line 43, in dlopen
    raise OSError("dlopen() failed to load a library: %s" % ' / '.join(names))
OSError: dlopen() failed to load a library: cairo / cairo-2

However, ldconfig does know about libcairo.so :

$ sudo ldconfig -p | grep cairo
        libpangocairo-1.0.so.0 (libc6,x86-64) => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpangocairo-1.0.so.0
        libpangocairo-1.0.so (libc6,x86-64) => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpangocairo-1.0.so
        libcairo.so.2 (libc6,x86-64) => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libcairo.so.2
        libcairo.so (libc6,x86-64) => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libcairo.so
        libcairo-script-interpreter.so.2 (libc6,x86-64) => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libcairo-script-interpreter.so.2
        libcairo-script-interpreter.so (libc6,x86-64) => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libcairo-script-interpreter.so
        libcairo-gobject.so.2 (libc6,x86-64) => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libcairo-gobject.so.2
        libcairo-gobject.so (libc6,x86-64) => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libcairo-gobject.so

and when I run python with a modified LD_LIBRARY_PATH , it works:

$ LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu python -c "import cairocffi; print('OK')"
OK

I don't want to have to run python on a modified LD_LIBRARY_PATH to run this script for the sake of scalability and maintainability, but I can't figure out why it isn't picking up the library that apparently the dynamic linker does know about. What am I missing?

Answer 1

It turns out there was an old libpixman.so hiding in my /usr/lib (which is a dependency of libcairo), and a newer libpixman in the folder where libcairo was installed. So when LD_LIBRARY_PATH was set to the location of libcairo it would pick up the new libpixman which worked, and when it was not set it would pick up the old one. Removing the old libpixman from /usr/lib fixed everything.