tkinter - 如何拖放小部件？

Question

I am trying to make a Python program in which you can move around widgets.

This is my code:

import tkinter as tk 
main = tk.Tk()
notesFrame = tk.Frame(main, bd = 4, bg = "a6a6a6")
notesFrame.place(x=10,y=10)
notes = tk.Text(notesFrame)
notes.pack()
notesFrame.bind("<B1-Motion>", lambda event: notesFrame.place(x = event.x, y = event.y)

But, this gets super glitchy and the widget jumps back and forth.

Answer 1

The behavior you're observing is caused by the fact that the event's coordinates are relative to the dragged widget. Updating the widget's position (in absolute coordinates) with relative coordinates obviously results in chaos.

To fix this, I've used the .winfo_x() and .winfo_y() functions (which allow to turn the relative coordinates into absolute ones), and the Button-1 event to determine the cursor's location on the widget when the drag starts.

Here's a function that makes a widget draggable:

def make_draggable(widget):
    widget.bind("<Button-1>", on_drag_start)
    widget.bind("<B1-Motion>", on_drag_motion)

def on_drag_start(event):
    widget = event.widget
    widget._drag_start_x = event.x
    widget._drag_start_y = event.y

def on_drag_motion(event):
    widget = event.widget
    x = widget.winfo_x() - widget._drag_start_x + event.x
    y = widget.winfo_y() - widget._drag_start_y + event.y
    widget.place(x=x, y=y)

It can be used like so:

main = tk.Tk()

frame = tk.Frame(main, bd=4, bg="grey")
frame.place(x=10, y=10)
make_draggable(frame)

notes = tk.Text(frame)
notes.pack()

---

If you want to take a more object-oriented approach, you can write a mixin that makes all instances of a class draggable:

class DragDropMixin:
    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)

        make_draggable(self)

Usage:

# As always when it comes to mixins, make sure to
# inherit from DragDropMixin FIRST!
class DnDFrame(DragDropMixin, tk.Frame):
    pass

# This wouldn't work:
# class DnDFrame(tk.Frame, DragDropMixin):
#     pass

main = tk.Tk()

frame = DnDFrame(main, bd=4, bg="grey")
frame.place(x=10, y=10)

notes = tk.Text(frame)
notes.pack()

Answer 2

I came up with a different approach and it is useful when you want ALL of your widgets drag-able in the SAME window. I do also like the math used in this approach more than in the accepted answer.

The code is explained line by line as commented lines below:

import tkinter as tk

def drag_widget(event):
    if (w:=root.dragged_widget): #walrus assignment
        cx,cy = w.winfo_x(), w.winfo_y() #current x and y
        #deltaX and deltaY to mouse position stored
        dx = root.marked_pointx - root.winfo_pointerx()
        dy = root.marked_pointy - root.winfo_pointery()
        #adjust widget by deltaX and deltaY
        w.place(x=cx-dx, y=cy-dy)
        #update the marked for next iteration
        root.marked_pointx = root.winfo_pointerx()
        root.marked_pointy = root.winfo_pointery()

def drag_init(event):
    if event.widget is not root:
        #store the widget that is clicked
        root.dragged_widget = event.widget
        #ensure dragged widget is ontop
        event.widget.lift()
        #store the currently mouse position
        root.marked_pointx = root.winfo_pointerx()
        root.marked_pointy = root.winfo_pointery()

def finalize_dragging(event):
    #default setup
    root.dragged_widget = None
    
root = tk.Tk()
#name and register some events to some sequences
root.event_add('<<Drag>>', '<B1-Motion>')
root.event_add('<<DragInit>>', '<ButtonPress-1>')
root.event_add('<<DragFinal>>', '<ButtonRelease-1>')
#bind named events to the functions that shall be executed
root.bind('<<DragInit>>', drag_init)
root.bind('<<Drag>>', drag_widget)
root.bind('<<DragFinal>>', finalize_dragging)
#fire the finalizer of dragging for setup
root.event_generate('<<DragFinal>>')
#populate the window
for color in ['yellow','red','green','orange']:
    tk.Label(root, text="test",bg=color).pack()

root.mainloop()

Answer 3

Tkinter has a module for this, documented in the module docstring. It was expected that it would be replaced by a tk dnd module, but this has not happened. I have never tried it. Searching SO for [tkinter] dnd returns this page . Below is the beginning of the docstring.

>>> from tkinter import dnd
>>> help(dnd)
Help on module tkinter.dnd in tkinter:

NAME
    tkinter.dnd - Drag-and-drop support for Tkinter.

DESCRIPTION
    This is very preliminary.  I currently only support dnd *within* one
    application, between different windows (or within the same window).
[snip]