pip freeze：仅显示通过pip安装的软件包

Question

I want to know which python packages are installed via pip and which are installed via rpm.

I run outside any virtualenv, and want to know if there are some packages installed via pip.

Background: Our policy is to use RPM at "root level". I want to find places where the policy was broken.

Answer 1

Assumptions:

• I'm not sure about red-hat, but for debian/ubuntu.
• I'm assuming you are using system python.
• I don't think it matters, but you might have to check pip install --user <package_name> for local user package installs.

By default on debian system installed packages are installed at:

/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/

And pip installed packages are installed at:

/usr/bin/local/python2.7/dist-packages

To see all the installation paths you can run inside your python shell:

import site; site.getsitepackages()
['/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages', '/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages']

As per the pip freeze docs -l will show you any local installs of packages (ie not global packages) However, you need to be in the correct environment.

pip freeze -l

If Virtualenvs come into play: They will use site-packages directories.

locate -r '/site-packages$'

Also note any packages installed into a different directory will not be located at all via this method: Install a Python package into a different directory using pip?

Final trick , Check the exact install path in pip using pip show. Effectively, get just the names from pip, pipe that into a pip show and filter the output for the Name -> Location map.

pip freeze | awk '{split($0,a,"="); print a[1]}' | xargs -P 5 -I {} pip show {} | grep 'Name\|Location'

Answer 2

How about turn the question around slightly, and just check what belongs to rpms and what doesn't. Try:

import os, sys, subprocess, glob

def type_printed(pth, rpm_dirs=False):

    if not os.path.exists(pth):
        print(pth + ' -- does not exist')
        return True        
    FNULL = open(os.devnull, 'w')
    if rpm_dirs or not os.path.isdir(pth):
        rc = subprocess.call(['rpm', '-qf', pth], stdout=FNULL, stderr=subprocess.STDOUT) 
        if rc == 0:
            print(pth + ' -- IS RPM')
            return True 
        print(pth + ' -- NOT an RPM')
        return True 
    return False 


for pth in sys.path:
    if type_printed(pth):
        continue 
    contents = glob.glob(pth + '/*') 
    for subpth in contents:
        if type_printed(subpth, rpm_dirs=True):
            continue
        print(subpth + ' -- nothing could be determined for sure')

And pipe the output through something like

grep -e '-- NOT' -e '-- nothing could be determined'