理解PHP的匿名函数

Question

I've been learning web development using php and I'm a little bit confused about the anonymous functions. Specifically concerning the pass of parameters and how they work inside a funcion like that. For example, in the code

$array = array("really long string here, boy", "this", "middling length", "larger");
usort($array, function($a, $b) {
return strlen($a) - strlen($b);
});
print_r($array);

I don't really get how the parameters $a and $b are used. I think they're taken for comparison in order sort the array for where is defined how the function should use them and take them from?
In a code like the next one

$mult = function($x)
{
 return $x * 5;
};
echo $mult(2);

I know the parameter is passed directly to the function and used to return the result of the multiplication.
In this post the example of

$arr = range(0, 10);
$arr_even = array_filter($arr, function($val) { return $val % 2 == 0; });
$arr_square = array_map(function($val) { return $val * $val; }, $arr);

where is the variable $val taken from?

I know maybe this is not as complicated as it seems but I'm really confused about the use of the parameters on this kind of functions

Answer 1

usort($array, function($a, $b) {
    return strlen($a) - strlen($b);
});

Let's take this example. When you pass a function to usort() , PHP internally calls it with 2 elements from your array to see which is bigger/smaller.

The $a and $b values come from inside the usort() function. Its code calls the provided function with 2 parameters. Your parameters don't need to be named $a and $b , they can be named whatever you like.

Answer 2

Your question is not actually about anonymous functions but about passing calllables.

Let's take the first of you examples under consideration

usort($array, function($a, $b) {
return strlen($a) - strlen($b);
});

Let's refactor it a little bit by replacing anonymous function with named function.

function compareAB($a, $b) {
return strlen($a) - strlen($b);
}

usort($array, 'comapreAB');

As you see you still can ask how $a and $b are passed.

Well, the answer is very simple. usort expects you to provide callable that will take 2 arguments and it calls it internally.