如何在 JavaScript 文字符号中创建关联数组

Question

I understand that there are no associative arrays in JavaScript, only objects .

However I can create an array with string keys using bracket notation like this:

var myArray = [];
myArray['a'] = 200;
myArray['b'] = 300;
console.log(myArray); // Prints [a: 200, b: 300]

So I want to do the exact same thing without using bracket notation :

var myNewArray = [a: 200, b: 300]; // I am getting error - Unexpected token:

This does not work either:

var myNewArray = ['a': 200, 'b': 300]; // Same error. Why can I not create?

Answer 1

JavaScript has no associative arrays, just objects. Even JavaScript arrays are basically just objects, just with the special thing that the property names are numbers (0,1,...).

So look at your code first:

var myArray = []; // Creating a new array object
myArray['a'] = 200; // Setting the attribute a to 200
myArray['b'] = 300; // Setting the attribute b to 300

It's important to understand that myArray['a'] = 200; is identical to myArray.a = 200; !

So to start with what you want: You can't create a JavaScript array and pass no number attributes to it in one statement.

But this is probably not what you need! Probably you just need a JavaScript object, what is basically the same as an associative array, dictionary, or map in other languages: It maps strings to values. And that can be done easily:

var myObj = {a: 200, b: 300};

But it's important to understand that this differs slightly from what you did. myObj instanceof Array will return false , because myObj is not an ancestor from Array in the prototype chain.

Answer 2

You can use Map:

var arr = new Map([
   ['key1', 'User'],
   ['key2', 'Guest'],
   ['key3', 'Admin'],
]);

var res = arr.get('key2');
console.log(res); // The value is 'Guest'

Answer 3

You want to use an object in this case

var myObject = {'a' : 200, 'b' : 300 };

This answer links to a more in-depth explanation: How to do associative array/hashing in JavaScript

Answer 4

Well, you are creating an array, which is in fact an object:

var arr = [];
arr.map;
// function(..)
arr['map'];
// function(..)

arr['a'] = 5;

console.log(arr instanceof Object); // true

You can add fields and functions to arr . It does not "insert" them into the array though (like arr.push(...) ).

You can refer to an object fields with the [] syntax.

Answer 5

I understand that there are no associative arrays in JavaScript, only objects .

However I can create an array with string keys using bracket notation like this:

var myArray = [];
myArray['a'] = 200;
myArray['b'] = 300;
console.log(myArray); // Prints [a: 200, b: 300]

So I want to do the exact same thing without using bracket notation :

var myNewArray = [a: 200, b: 300]; // I am getting error - Unexpected token:

This does not work either:

var myNewArray = ['a': 200, 'b': 300]; // Same error. Why can I not create?

Answer 6

I achieved this by using objects. Your create an object, and loop through using for in loop. each x will be the index and holder[x] will be the value. an example is below.

var test = {'hello':'world','hello2':'world2'}
for(let x in holder)
{
  let inxed = x;
  let value = holder[x]
  console.log('index ' + x + ' has value of ' +    value)
}

Answer 7

Associate array is an array indexed with name similar to an object instead of numbers like in regular array . You can create an associative array in the following way:

 var arr = new Array(); // OR var arr = []; arr['name'] = 'david' arr['age'] = 23; console.log(arr['name']);

Answer 8

你可以用这种方式做你想做的事：

myNewArray = new Array ({'a' : 200, 'b' : 300})