这个继承是如何工作的？

Question

const proto = {
  hello () {
    return `Hello, my name is ${ this.name }`;
  }
};
const greeter = (name) => Object.assign(Object.create(proto), { name });
const george = greeter('george');
const msg = george.hello();
console.log(msg);  

I was reading JavaScript Scene when I came across the above type of inheritance. I am new to JS.

So, proto is the object we will create a prototype from.

Que 1: If proto is an object, how does it have a function within it self without associating it with a key? Shouldn't it be { "hello" : function(){...} }

Related to that,
Que 2: Can fat arrow functions be stored within objects as key-value pairs??

Que 3. How does Object.assign work?
After reading MDN, what I understand is that everything from 2nd argument on is copied into the target , which in our case is a prototype. Correct?

Answer 1

Que 1: If proto is an object, how does it have a function within it self without associating it with a key? Shouldn't it be { "hello" : function(){...} }

This is because of the enw ES6 syntax of defining methods on an object. Refer this for details on the syntax: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Functions/Method_definitions

Que 2: Can fat arrow functions be stored within objects as key-value pairs?

Yes. You can do it like below:

let obj = {
  func: () => {
    console.log(`Hello world!`);
  }
}

obj.func();

Que 3. How does Object.assign work?

From the docs:

The Object.assign() method is used to copy the values of all enumerable own properties from one or more source objects to a target object. It will return the target object.

Object.assign(target, ...sources)

In your case its actually not prototype but an object which is prototypally-linked to proto . So your greeter returns an object which has name and the hello() method is from the prototype chain