SPARQL查询以检索个人

Question

Please help me with the SPARQL query. I have an ontology with the class 'Building' as a subclass of owl:Thing . 'Building' has it's own sub classes like: Church, Medical, Shop. Each of these sub classes has it's own labels ( seeAlso ). For instance: Shop has labels like supermarket, bakery, market etc. Church has labels like Chapel, Cathedral etc.

The Individuals look like this:

I need to do a SPARQL query, which will retrieve the individuals according to the labels. So let's say I want to get all the individuals of that subclass which has the labels of type seeAlso "bakery". In this case I expect to get bakery1 and supermarket1

I have tried this, but it seems like this query is wrong:

PREFIX rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#>
PREFIX owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#>
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#>
SELECT ?individual ?class ?label
WHERE { 
    ?individual rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual .
    ?class rdf:type owl:Class .
    FILTER(?label="bakery")
}

If I delete the line with FILTER , I will get only the individuals and classes, but not related to each other as they should. Protege just returns me all the possible connections Class - Individual

Answer 1

Given comments to the answer, the intent is to build synonyms, not separate instances. There are a few ways to do this, but SKOS is specifically designed for such vocabulary relationships. The property skos:prefLabel is used for the display label, and synonyms can be defined by skos:altLabel . The hierarchy you have can be retained, just use skos:altLabel instead of 'rdf:seeAlso' (which is normally used for reference links ourtide of the ontology).

So the data, in a Turtle text serialization would look like:

:Shop rdfs:subClassOf :Building .
:Shop skos:prefLabel "Shop"^^xsd:string .
:Shop skos:altLabel "supermarket"^^xsd:string .
:Shop skos:altLabel "bakery"^^xsd:string .
:Shop skos:altLabel "market"^^xsd:string .

For the query, the OP says to match by the string - the preflabel in this case:

SELECT ?individual ?label
WHERE {
   ?individual skos:prefLabel "Shop"^^xsd:string .
   ?individual skos:altLabel ?label
}

Answer 2

I think what you are looking for is all of the instances of the class :Building and its subclasses. Also note that if ?label is not bound, the filter will always fail. So you'll need to do the following:

PREFIX rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#>
PREFIX owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#>
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#>SELECT 
WHERE {
   ?cls rdfs:subClassOf* :Building .
   ?individual a ?cls .
   ?individual rdfs:seeAlso ?label .
   FILTER (?label = "bakery")
}

…and that is a classic anti-pattern for SPARQL. As much as possible, you should use basic graph patterns, so this is a more correct query:

PREFIX rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#>
PREFIX owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#>
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#>SELECT 
WHERE {
   ?cls rdfs:subClassOf* :Building .
   ?individual a ?cls .
   ?individual rdfs:seeAlso "bakery" .
}

Note the third triple pattern uses the literal in the triple pattern. Also, I don't think the model you have should be using rdfs:seeAlso for the label of the instance. Instead I'd suggest a separate instance for each kind Shop, etc. and use rdfs:label to represent the label of the instance.

Lastly, if you need to do an inexact match you can use regex . For example to find "bakery" regardless of case, use the following:

#-- …
?individual rdfs:seeAlso ?label .
FILTER regex(?label, "Bakery", "i")