Laravel 数据库架构，可为空的外国

Question

I've these two database tables:

1. User Tables
2. Partner Tables

User Tables will handle this kind of informations

Schema::create('users', function (Blueprint $table) {
      $table->increments('id')->unique();
      $table->string('email')->unique();
      $table->string('username')->unique();
      $table->string('password', 60);
      $table->string('photo')->nullable();
      $table->integer('partner_id')->unsigned();
      $table->foreign('partner_id')->references('id')->on('partners');
      $table->rememberToken();
      $table->timestamps();
});

While Partner Tables will contains all the user meta information such as first name and last name, etc.

Schema::create('partners', function (Blueprint $table) {

    /**
     * Identity Columns
     */
    $table->increments('id')->unique();
    $table->string('first_name');
    $table->string('middle_name')->nullable();
    $table->string('last_name')->nullable();
    $table->string('display_name')->nullable();
    $table->string('email')->unique()->nullable();
    $table->string('website')->nullable();
    $table->string('phone')->nullable();
    $table->string('mobile')->nullable();
    $table->string('fax')->nullable();
    $table->date('birthdate')->nullable();
    $table->longText('bio')->nullable();
    $table->string('lang')->nullable(); //Language

    /**
     * Address Columns
     */
    $table->text('street')->nullable();
    $table->text('street2')->nullable();
    $table->integer('country_id')->unsigned(); // foreign
    $table->foreign('country_id')->references('id')->on('countries');
    $table->integer('state_id')->unsigned();   // foreign
    $table->foreign('state_id')->references('id')->on('country_states');
    $table->string('city')->nullable();
    $table->string('district')->nullable();
    $table->string('area')->nullable();
    $table->string('zip')->nullable();
});

When a user is register to the site I only want few fields which are, username , email address , password , first name and last name . These are only the required fields.

So information in partner tables can be filled later after the user have finish registering to the site.

But due to the structure of foreign key, I cannot proceed any further because of this error:

SQLSTATE[23000]: Integrity constraint violation: 1452 Cannot add or update a child row: a foreign key constraint fails (`mytable`.`tbl_partners`, CONSTRAINT `partners_country_id_foreign` FOREIGN KEY (`country_id`) REFERENCES `tbl_countries` (`id`)) (SQL: insert into `tbl_partners` (`first_name`, `last_name`, `display_name`, `email`, `updated_at`, `created_at`) values (Jack, Wilson, admin, admin@example.com, 2016-06-09 19:41:18, 2016-06-09 19:41:18))

I know this is cause by the countries table which is required by the partner table.
My question is: is there a work around so I can fill the country or any other non required data on partner table but keep the foreign table schema for countries, states, etc.

Answer 1

For laravel 7.x to create a nullable foreign key use simply:

$table->foreignId('country_id')->nullable()->constrained();

$table->foreignId('state_id')->nullable()->constrained();

REMEMBER: nullable should be before constrained otherwise the nullable will not be affected.

Answer 2

Set the country_id and the state_id nullable, like so.

$table->integer('country_id')->nullable()->unsigned();

$table->integer('state_id')->nullable()->unsigned();

Answer 3

With the latest version of Laravel, you can use the nullable method in conjunction of foreignKey :

$table
      ->foreignId('other_table_id')
      ->nullable() // here
      ->references('id')
      ->on('other_table');

Answer 4

For Laravel 7.x I use this way:

$table->bigInteger('word_type_id')->nullable()->unsigned();
$table->index('word_type_id')->nullable();
$table->foreign('word_type_id')->nullable()->references('id')->on('word_types')->onDelete('cascade');

Answer 5

拉拉维尔 8

$table->foreignId('foreign_key_id')->nullable()->constrained()->onDelete('cascade');

Answer 6

Note that if you have references('{column}')->on('{table}') you need to put the nullable()->constrained() before this ie:

$table->foreignId('author')->nullable()->constrained()->references('id')->on('users');

This is on Laravel 9 but probably earlier too.

Answer 7

Best way is

$table->unsignedBigInteger('country_id')->nullable();
$table->foreign('country_id')->references('id')->on('stock_indices')->onDelete('cascade');

Answer 8

$table->foreignId('profile_id')->nullable()->constrained('profiles')->onDelete('cascade');