如何像在 Angular 1 中一样使用 $watch 观察 Angular 2 中的复杂对象

Question

We were able to apply $watch on complex object, how to do the similar in Angular 2.

Angular 1

$scope.data = {name : "somvalue"}
$scope.$watch('data.name', function(newValue, oldValue) {
    scope.counter = scope.counter + 1;
});

Angular 2

export class MyData{
   name: string;
} 

export class MyComponent implements OnInit {
   @Input() data: MyData;

   constructor(private ds: MyService){
      this.data = ds.data;
   }

   // $watch('data.name', function(newValue, oldValue) {
   //   scope.counter = scope.counter + 1;
   // });
}

Now If data.name changes in service, How to watch for the changes in Component itself, Please note data is not an observable it is just a regular object.

Update

Please see Plunk for an example

Thanks in advance!!

Answer 1

Angular checks properties, even deep inside objects if they are bound to in the template.

For complex objects the preferred option is to use Observable to actively notify Angular2 about changes.

You can also use custom change detection by implementing DoCheck

Answer 2

Implement the component lifecycle hook "ngOnChanges":

import { OnChanges } from '@angular/core';

@Component({
    selector: 'child',
    template: `
        <h2>Child component</h2>
        {{ person }}
    `
})
class ChildComponent implements OnChanges {
    @Input() person: string;

    ngOnChanges(changes: {[ propName: string]: SimpleChange}) {
        console.log('Change detected:', changes[person].currentValue);
    }

}

UPDATE

I found a possible workaround for this. Implement the DoCheck hook instead OnChanges.

ngDoCheck() {
   if(!this.inputSettings.equals(this.previousInputSettings)) {
       // inputSettings changed
       // some logic here to react to the change
       this.previousInputSettings = this.inputSettings;
   }
}

Remember that doCheck runs many times, and can cause performance issues if missused.

Answer 3

In general , your component will listen to all of it's object mutation, unless you use a different change detection strategy.

import { OnChanges } from '@angular/core';

@Component({
    selector: 'child',
    template: `
        <h2>Child component</h2>
        {{ person }}
    `,
   changeDetection:ChangeDetectionStrategy.OnPush/Default/CheckOnce/Always
})
class ChildComponent implements OnChanges {
    @Input() person: string;

    ngOnChanges(changes: {[ propName: string]: SimpleChange}) {
        console.log('Change detected:', changes[person].currentValue);
    }

This :

   changeDetection:ChangeDetectionStrategy.OnPush/Default/CheckOnce/Always

Will define how your component will behave when one of it's inputs gets updated.

Most important one is OnPush and Default .

Where OnPush says update the component only if the whole object has got replace with a new one and Default says update me if any of the nested values has got updated( mutated).

And, if you don't use that object inside your component, Angular will ignore and won't update the view ( why would it).

And then you can easily hook to ngOnChange life cycle hook and as the other answer suggest get the update.

Answer 4

It's an alternative solution for DoCheck if you want to have more customization and do something more manual. Of course, according to Günter Zöchbauer answer it's a kind of Observable solution.

I use a decorator to tell TS that property must be detected, so let's get start it.

export class ChangeDetection {
  private emitedChangeDetector: ChangeDetection;

  private _value;
  get value() {
    return this._value;
  }

  /** @warning Don't use it */
  __action: (value: any) => void;

  /** @warning Don't use it */
  __change(value: any) {
    this._value = value;
    this.__action && this.__action(value);
    this.emitedChangeDetector?.__change &&
      this.emitedChangeDetector.__change(this.emitedChangeDetector.value);
  }

  onChange<T = any>(action: (value: T) => void) {
    this.__action = action;

    return this;
  }

  emit(extendedObserver: ChangeDetection) {
    this.emitedChangeDetector = extendedObserver;
  }
}

// For manage list of changes
export class ChangeDetectionList {
  changeDetectors: ChangeDetection[];

  constructor(...changeDetectors: ChangeDetection[]) {
    this.changeDetectors = changeDetectors;
  }

  onChange(callback: (data: any) => void): ChangeDetectionList {
    this.changeDetectors.forEach((a: ChangeDetection) => a.onChange(callback));

    return this;
  }

  emit(changeDetector: ChangeDetection): ChangeDetection {
    this.changeDetectors.forEach((a: ChangeDetection) =>
      a.emit(changeDetector)
    );

    return changeDetector;
  }
}

/**
 * @usageNotes{
 * ```typescript
 * @ChangeDetector()
 * data : string
 * ```
 * Gives you a ChangeDetection object with the name of data$ that fires "onChange()" function when "data" is changed
 */
export function ChangeDetector(suffix: string = "$") {
  return function (prototype: any, key: string | symbol) {
    const changeDetectorName: string = `${key.toString()}${suffix}`;
    if (!prototype[changeDetectorName]) {
      Object.defineProperty(prototype, changeDetectorName, {
        value: new ChangeDetection(),
      });

      const changeDetectorObject = prototype[changeDetectorName] as ChangeDetection;
      Object.defineProperty(prototype, key, {
        set(value: any) {
          Object.defineProperty(this, key, {
            get() {
              return changeDetectorObject.value;
            },
            set(v: any) {
              changeDetectorObject.__change(v);
            },
            enumerable: true,
          });
          this[key] = value;
        },
        enumerable: true,
        configurable: true,
      });
    }
  };
}

Now, It's easy to use. Just put @ChangeDetector() decorator on each property what you want to detect or define a changeDetector property to raise onChange event when a property changes.

Here is an example show you how to use it.

export class PersonModel {
  @ChangeDetector()
  changeDetector: number;
  changeDetector$: ChangeDetection; // It's just for intellisense, you can ignore it.

  firstName: string;
  lastName: string;
  age: number;

  constructor() {
    this.age = 34;
    this.changeDetector = 0;
  }
}

export class ProfileModel {
  @ChangeDetector('Listener')
  person: PersonModel;
  personListener: ChangeDetection; // It's just for intellisense, you can ignore it.

  constructor() {
    this.person = new PersonModel();
  }
}

export class ProfileService {
  profile: ProfileModel;

  constructor() {
    this.profile = new ProfileModel();
    // calls 'profileChanged()' when 'person' is changed
    this.profile.personListener.onChange((_) => this.profileChanged());
  }

  setProfile() {
    Object.assign(this.profile.person, { firstName: 'Pedram', lastName: 'Ahmadpour' });
    this.profile.person.changeDetector++;
  }

  private profileChanged() {
    console.log('profile is', JSON.stringify(this.profile));
  }
}

export class ProfileComponent {
  constructor(private profileService: ProfileService) {
    // Now, profileService.profile listen to its own child changes
    this.profileService.profile.person.changeDetector$.emit(profileService.profile.personListener);
    this.profileService.setProfile();
  }

  happyBirthday() {
    this.profileService.profile.person.age = 35;
    console.log('Happy birthday');
    this.profileService.profile.person.changeDetector++;
  }
}

Or in real Angular project:

  @Input()
  @ChangeDetector()
  data: ProfileModel;
  data$: ChangeDetection;

And for the test:

const profileService = new ProfileService();
const profileComponent = new ProfileComponent(profileService);
profileComponent.happyBirthday();