如何使用 jq 获取两个 JSON 数组的交集

Question

Given arrays X and Y (preferably both as inputs, but otherwise, with one as input and the other hardcoded), how can I use jq to output the array containing all elements common to both? eg what is a value of f such that

echo '[1,2,3,4]' | jq 'f([2,4,6,8,10])'

would output

[2,4]

?

I've tried the following:

map(select(in([2,4,6,8,10])))  --> outputs [1,2,3,4]
select(map(in([2,4,6,8,10])))  --> outputs [1,2,3,4,5]

Answer 1

A simple and quite fast (but somewhat naive) filter that probably does essentially what you want can be defined as follows:

   # x and y are arrays
   def intersection(x;y):
     ( (x|unique) + (y|unique) | sort) as $sorted
     | reduce range(1; $sorted|length) as $i
         ([]; if $sorted[$i] == $sorted[$i-1] then . + [$sorted[$i]] else . end) ;

If x is provided as input on STDIN, and y is provided in some other way (eg def y: ... ), then you could use this as: intersection(.;y)

Other ways to provide two distinct arrays as input include:

• using the --slurp option
• using --arg av (or --argjson av if available in your jq)

Here's a simpler but slower def that's nevertheless quite fast in practice:

    def i(x;y):
       if (y|length) == 0 then []
       else (x|unique) as $x
       | $x - ($x - y)
       end ;

Here's a standalone filter for finding the intersection of arbitrarily many arrays:

# Input: an array of arrays
def intersection:
  def i(y): ((unique + (y|unique)) | sort) as $sorted
  | reduce range(1; $sorted|length) as $i
       ([]; if $sorted[$i] == $sorted[$i-1] then . + [$sorted[$i]] else . end) ;
  reduce .[1:][] as $a (.[0]; i($a)) ;

Examples:

[ [1,2,4], [2,4,5], [4,5,6]] #=> [4]
[[]]                         #=> []
[]                           #=> null

Of course if x and y are already known to be sorted and/or unique, more efficient solutions are possible. See in particular Finite Sets of JSON Entities

Answer 2

Simple Explanation

These complexity of all these answers obscured understanding the principle. That's unfortunate because the principle is simple:

• array1 minus array2 returns:
• everything that's left in array1
• after removing everything that is in array2
• (and discarding the rest of array2)

Simple Demo

# From array1, subtract array2, leaving the remainder
$ jq --null-input '[1,2,3,4] - [2,4,6,8]'
[
  1,
  3
]

# Subtract the remainder from the original
$ jq --null-input '[1,2,3,4] - [1,3]'
[
  2,
  4
]

# Put it all together
$ jq --null-input '[1,2,3,4] - ([1,2,3,4] - [2,4,6,8])'
[
  2,
  4
]

comm Demo

def comm:
  (.[0] - (.[0] - .[1])) as $d |
    [.[0]-$d, .[1]-$d, $d]
;

With that understanding, I was able to imitate the behavior of the *nix comm command

With no options, produce three-column output. Column one contains lines unique to FILE1, column two contains lines unique to FILE2, and column three contains lines common to both files.

$ echo 'def comm: (.[0]-(.[0]-.[1])) as $d | [.[0]-$d,.[1]-$d, $d];' > comm.jq
$ echo '{"a":101, "b":102, "c":103, "d":104}'                        > 1.json
$ echo '{         "b":202,          "d":204, "f":206, "h":208}'      > 2.json

$ jq --slurp '.' 1.json 2.json
[
  {
    "a": 101,
    "b": 102,
    "c": 103,
    "d": 104
  },
  {
    "b": 202,
    "d": 204,
    "f": 206,
    "h": 208
  }
]

$ jq --slurp '[.[] | keys | sort]' 1.json 2.json
[
  [
    "a",
    "b",
    "c",
    "d"
  ],
  [
    "b",
    "d",
    "f",
    "h"
  ]
]

$ jq --slurp 'include "comm"; [.[] | keys | sort] | comm' 1.json 2.json
[
  [
    "a",
    "c"
  ],
  [
    "f",
    "h"
  ],
  [
    "b",
    "d"
  ]
]

$ jq --slurp 'include "comm"; [.[] | keys | sort] | comm[2]' 1.json 2.json
[
  "b",
  "d"
]

Answer 3

Here is a solution which works by counting occurrences of elements in the arrays using foreach

[
  foreach ($X[], $Y[]) as $r (
    {}
  ; .[$r|tostring] += 1
  ; if .[$r|tostring] == 2 then $r else empty end
  )
]

If this filter is in filter.jq then

jq -M -n -c --argjson X '[1,2,3,4]' --argjson Y '[2,4,6,8,10]' -f filter.jq

will produce

[2,4]

It assumes there are no duplicates in the initial arrays. If that's not the case then it is easy to compensate with unique . Eg

[
  foreach (($X|unique)[], ($Y|unique)[]) as $r (
    {}
  ; .[$r|tostring] += 1
  ; if .[$r|tostring] == 2 then $r else empty end
  )
]

Answer 4

$ echo '[1,2,3,4] [2,4,6,8,10]' | jq --slurp '[.[0][] as $x | .[1][] | select($x == .)]'
[
  2,
  4
]