如何在 Windows/命令行/文件打开对话框下匹配确切的文件扩展名？

Question

I am trying to get a directory listing of only files with a given extension. At first blush this seems to be a simple thing to do, however check out this simple example:

C:\CODE\metcal>dir /b *.exe
metcal.exe
metcal.exe1

Notice that this returns metcal.**exe** and metcal.**exe1** as matches.

With python files a similar thing happens:

C:\CODE\metcal>dir /b *.py
metcal.py
metcal.pyc

Notice again Windows has determined that *.py takes anything that starts with *.py so it captures the .pyc files as well.

Is there a way to get only the extensions that match exactly? In the above python files example I would like the following to occur (obviously with the correct syntax substituted for *.py)

C:\CODE\metcal>dir /b *.py
metcal.py

As a note the matching under Windows not as simple as it seems.

*.exe matches foo.exe, foo.exe1, foo.exeabcde but not foo.exe.bak

There are other questions on SO that are similar that are related to long/short file names. The *.py and *.pyc example here should not introduce name mangling machinery.

**I have experimented on XP and Win7 machines and this behavior is not consistent at the cmd Prompt and file open dialogs. This inconsistant behavior makes me suspect this problem is related to settings of somekind. **

Answer 1

It's because windows wildcards on extensions check both long and short names as explained in this answer: https://superuser.com/questions/238900/winxp-dir-command-3-and-4-char-extensions-are-the-same#238930

Solution there is to disable 8.3 names creation and then striping them on ntfs volumes which will also improve performance.

Microsoft Docs: Fsutil 8dot3name

Remarks: Permanently removing 8dot3 file names and not modifying registry keys that point to the 8dot3 file names may lead to unexpected application failures, including the inability to uninstall an application. It is recommended you first back up your directory or volume before you attempt to remove 8dot3 file names.

Answer 2

So if you want to get only those extensions ( .py and .pyc ), you should try like this way :

@echo off
dir /b *.py*
pause

Answer 3

You can use the Unix ls command from the Windows Subsystem for Linux to do this, assuming you have WSL installed. It's freely available from Microsoft. From your Windows command prompt, type wsl followed by the ls command to list the files you want.

So, for your example, wsl ls metcal.py returns only metcal.py. To get the same results as you're seeing with dir , use wsl ls metcal.py* .