python 3.5：“ TypeError：memoryview：需要一个类似字节的对象，而不是'str'”

Question

I am using python 3.5.2 and scrapy 1.1.1 .

There is an error when running the code below:

#-*- coding:utf-8-*-

import random
import base64


class ProxyMiddleware(object):
    def process_request(self, request, spider):
        proxy = random.choice(PROXIES)
        if proxy['user_pass'] is not None:
            request.meta['proxy'] = "http://%s" % proxy['ip_port']
            encoded_user_pass = base64.encodebytes(proxy['user_pass'])
            request.headers['Proxy-Authorization'] = 'Basic ' + encoded_user_pass
            print("ok!" + proxy['ip_port'])
        else:
            print("fail!" + proxy['ip_port'])
            request.meta['proxy'] = "http://%s" % proxy['ip_port']

error:

  File "C:\Users\dell\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python35\lib\base64.py", line 518, in _input_type_check
    m = memoryview(s)
    TypeError: memoryview: a bytes-like object is required, not 'str'

I think the error is related to this sentence:

encoded_user_pass = base64.encodebytes(proxy['user_pass'])

But I don't know how to solve it.
Some help please,
thanks in advance!

Edit:

encoded_user_pass = base64.encodebytes(proxy['user_pass'])

was changed to

encoded_user_pass = base64.encodebytes(proxy['user_pass'].encode())

there is another error:

    request.headers['Proxy-Authorization'] = 'Basic ' + encoded_user_pass
TypeError: Can't convert 'bytes' object to str implicitly

what should I do?

Answer 1

Function base64.encodebytes() is expecting bytes value and it seems like you are providing it a string.

To fix that you can simply encode your string value (encode() function turns your string object into bytes object):

base64.encodebytes('foo'.encode())

or in your case:

encoded_user_pass = base64.encodebytes(proxy['user_pass'].encode())

Answer 2

As the name suggests, base64.encodebytes encodes bytes , not strings. As outlined in the documentation, it requires a bytes-like object (just like the error message also tells you).

Your proxy['user_pass'] value is a string however. In order to convert that into bytes, call str.encode :

encoded_user_pass = base64.encodebytes(proxy['user_pass'].encode())