如何使用python获取XML中的所有标签？

Question

I have been researching in the Python Docs for a way to get the tag names from an XML file, but I haven't been very successful. Using the XML file below, one can get the country name tags, and all its associated child tags. Does anyone know how this is done?

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<data>
    <country name="Liechtenstein">
        <rank>1</rank>
        <year>2008</year>
        <gdppc>141100</gdppc>
        <neighbor name="Austria" direction="E"/>
        <neighbor name="Switzerland" direction="W"/>
    </country>
    <country name="Singapore">
        <rank>4</rank>
        <year>2011</year>
        <gdppc>59900</gdppc>
        <neighbor name="Malaysia" direction="N"/>
    </country>
    <country name="Panama">
        <rank>68</rank>
        <year>2011</year>
        <gdppc>13600</gdppc>
        <neighbor name="Costa Rica" direction="W"/>
        <neighbor name="Colombia" direction="E"/>
    </country>
</data>

Answer 1

Consider using element tree's iterparse() and build nested lists of tag and text pairs. Conditional if logic is used to group country items together and leave out elements with no text, then replace() is used to clean out the line breaks and multiple white spaces that iterparse() picks up:

import xml.etree.ElementTree as et

data = []
for (ev, el) in et.iterparse(path):
    inner = []

    if el.tag == 'country':        
        for name, value in el.items():
            inner.append([el.tag+'-'+name, str(value).replace('\n','').replace(' ','')])
        for i in el:
            if str(i.text) != 'None':
                inner.append([i.tag, str(i.text).replace('\n','').replace(' ','')])

            for name, value in i.items():
                inner.append([i.tag+'-'+name, str(value).replace('\n','').replace(' ','')])
        data.append(inner)

print(data)
# [[['country-name', 'Liechtenstein'], ['rank', '1'], ['year', '2008'], ['gdppc', '141100'], 
#   ['neighbor-name', 'Austria'], ['neighbor-direction', 'E'], 
#   ['neighbor-name', 'Switzerland'], ['neighbor-direction', 'W']]
#  [['country-name', 'Singapore'], ['rank', '4'], ['year', '2011'], ['gdppc', '59900'], 
#   ['neighbor-name', 'Malaysia'], ['neighbor-direction', 'N']]
#  [['country-name', 'Panama'], ['rank', '68'], ['year', '2011'], ['gdppc', '13600'], 
#   ['neighbor-name', 'CostaRica'], ['neighbor-direction', 'W'], 
#   ['neighbor-name', 'Colombia'], ['neighbor-direction', 'E']]]

Answer 2

查看Python的内置XML功能，以递归方式遍历文档，并将所有标签收集到一个集合中。