如何在Python中“解压”列表或元组

Question

I'm writing a Python program to play Tic Tac Toe, using Numpy arrays with "X" represented by 1 and "O" by 0 . The class includes a function to place a mark on the board:

import numpy as np

class Board():
    def __init__(self, grid = np.ones((3,3))*np.nan):
        self.grid = grid

    def place_mark(self, pos, mark):
        self.grid[pos[0],pos[1]] = mark

so that, for example,

board = Board()
board.place_mark([0,1], 1)
print board.grid

yields

[[ nan   1.  nan]
 [ nan  nan  nan]
 [ nan  nan  nan]]

I was wondering if the pos[0], pos[1] argument in the place_mark function could somehow be replaced by the 'unpacked' contents of pos (which is always a list of length 2). In Ruby this would be done using the splat operator: *pos , but this does not appear to be valid syntax in Python.

Answer 1

With Numpy, there's a difference between indexing with lists and multi-dimensional indexing. self.grid[[0,1]] is equivalent to concatenating self.grid[0] and self.grid[1] , each 3x1 arrays, into a 3x2 array.

If you use tuples instead of lists for indexing, then it will be correctly interpreted as multi-dimensional indexing: self.grid[(0, 1)] is interpreted the same as self.grid[0, 1] .

There is a * operator for unpacking sequences, but in the context of function arguments only, at least in Python 2. So, with lists you could also do this:

def place_mark(self, mark, x, y):
    self.grid[x, y] = mark

place_mark(1, *[0, 1])

NB. (Expanded usefulness of * in Python 3)

Answer 2

As suggested by Lukasz, the input argument should be a tuple. In this example it can be converted to one:

def place_mark(self, pos, mark):
    self.grid[tuple(pos)] = mark

My question is not the same What is the pythonic way to unpack tuples? because pos does not constitute the input arguments to a function, but rather the indices of a 2-dimensional array.