如何在PostgreSQL中将timestamp（0）设置为默认值而不是timestamp（6）？

Question

I am working wih a PostgreSQL DB that stores time-series data. The data is stored using "timestamp with time zone" type and the output is ISO format (postgresql default). The data source is a closed-source software that creates tables with "timestamp with time zone" data type.

The precision of the timestamp is till 6 digits (microseconds) according to Postgres documentation. So, my time-series are recorded every second and I see milliseconds in the output.

e.g. 2012-06-25 15:46:23.001

The software that plots the time-series data goes crazy with the milliseconds but I can't modify the data source software to use timestamp(0) when it creates the tables.

A colleague of mine programmed a function that queries the whole database to alter the timestamp data type to "timestamp(0) with time zone" in every table. It works well but it's a manual action that has to be done after every new table is created. We would like to avoid the use of the function.

Is it possible to tell to postgresql to create timestamp(0) timestamp data types instead of the default timestamp(6) by editing postgresql.conf?

Answer 1

This handling is very deeply hardcoded and cannot easily be changed by a user. (See AdjustTimestampForTypmod() in the source code, if you are curious.)

You could create a view over the table that casts the timestamp column to timestamp(0) or formats it perhaps using to_char , and point your rendering software at that view.

Answer 2

The trick ( do not perform it on the production DB! ):

postgres=# alter type timestamptz rename to timestamptz6;
ALTER TYPE
postgres=# create domain pg_catalog.timestamptz as timestamptz6(0);
CREATE DOMAIN
postgres=# create table t (tz1 timestamp with time zone, tz2 timestamptz);
CREATE TABLE
postgres=# insert into t values(now(), now());
INSERT 0 1
postgres=# select * from t;
╔════════════════════════╤════════════════════════╗
║          tz1           │          tz2           ║
╠════════════════════════╪════════════════════════╣
║ 2016-08-11 21:06:17+03 │ 2016-08-11 21:06:17+03 ║
╚════════════════════════╧════════════════════════╝
(1 row)

Voila! Thats it.

Now lets restore everything as it was before:

postgres=# drop table t;
DROP TABLE
postgres=# drop domain pg_catalog.timestamptz;
DROP DOMAIN
postgres=# alter type timestamptz6 rename to timestamptz;
ALTER TYPE

Use it at your own risk. And good luck.