使用for循环在python中创建动态嵌套字典

Question

I am new to Python, and trying to learn it "on the job". And I am required to do this.

Is it possible to create a 'dictionary1' dynamically which takes another 'dictionary2' as value, where 'dictionary2' is also getting updated in every for loop. Basically in terms of code, I tried:

fetch_value = range(5) #random list of values (not in sequence)

result = {} #dictionary2
ret = {} #dictionary1

list1 = [0, 1] #this list is actually variable length, ranging from 1 to 10 (assumed len(list1) = 2 for example purpose only)

for idx in list1:
    result[str(idx)] = float(fetch_value[1])
    ret['key1'] = (result if len(list1) > 1 else float(fetch_value[1])) # key names like 'key1' are just for representations, actual names vary
    result[str(idx)] = float(fetch_value[2])
    ret['key2'] = (result if len(list1) > 1 else float(fetch_value[2]))
    result[str(idx)] = float(fetch_value[3])
    ret['key3'] = (result if len(list1) > 1 else float(fetch_value[3]))
    result[str(idx)] = float(fetch_value[4])
    ret['key4'] = (result if len(list1) > 1 else float(fetch_value[4]))

print ret

This outputs to:

{'key1': {'0': 4, '1', 4}, 'key2': {'0': 4, '1', 4}, 'key3': {'0': 4, '1', 4}, 'key4': {'0': 4, '1', 4}}

What I need:

{'key1': {'0': 1, '1', 1}, 'key2': {'0': 2, '1', 2}, 'key3': {'0': 3, '1', 3}, 'key4': {'0': 4, '1', 4}}

anything obvious I am doing wrong here?

Answer 1

There are two problems:

1. You needed to create a copy of the result dictionary when you set a key in ret to it. Otherwise, it will always hold a reference back to the same dictionary.
2. With that change, you would be keeping the last ret dictionary (containing {'0': 4} ) at the beginning of your second loop, and that would get copied to all of the keys.

A more concise way to do this would be a dictionary comprehension:

fetch_value = range(5)
list1 = [0, 1]
print {
    'key{}'.format(i): {
        str(list_item): float(fetch_value[i]) for list_item in list1
    } if len(list1) > 1 else float(fetch_value[i])
    for i in xrange(1, 5)
}

Output:

{
    'key3': {'1': 3.0, '0': 3.0},
    'key2': {'1': 2.0, '0': 2.0},
    'key1': {'1': 1.0, '0': 1.0},
    'key4': {'1': 4.0, '0': 4.0}
}

And with list1 = [0] , where it seems you want a float value instead of a dictionary, the output would be:

{'key3': 3.0, 'key2': 2.0, 'key1': 1.0, 'key4': 4.0}