[英]How can I send Perl output to a both STDOUT and a variable?
I would like to send the output from a command to both STDOUT and to a variable.我想将 output 从命令发送到 STDOUT 和变量。 I want to combine:我想结合:
my $var = `some command` ;
system( 'some command' ) ;
Tee is a step in the right direction but this sends it to a file rather than to a variable. Tee是朝着正确方向迈出的一步,但这会将其发送到文件而不是变量。 I guess I could then read the file but it would be simpler to get it straight there.我想我可以然后阅读该文件,但直接在那里获取它会更简单。
Does the output to both streams have be simultaneous?两个流的 output 是否是同时的?
If not, you could do:如果没有,你可以这样做:
my $var = 'cmd'
my $output = `$cmd`
print STDOUT $output
or for a safer version, which doesn't involve invoking a subshell, and prints to STDOUT a line at a time:或者对于更安全的版本,它不涉及调用子shell,并且一次打印到 STDOUT 一行:
sub backtick(@)
{
my $pid = open(KID, '-|');
die "fork: $!" unless defined($pid);
if ($pid) {
my $output;
while (<KID>) {
print STDOUT $_;
$output .= $_; # could be improved...
}
close(KID);
return $output;
} else {
exec @_;
}
}
my @cmd = ('/bin/ls', '-l');
my $output = backtick(@cmd);
You want Capture::Tiny你想要Capture::Tiny
use Capture::Tiny 'tee';
my $output = tee { system( "some command" ) };
I wrote it to replace Tee and about 20 other modules that do some sort of capturing but are flawed in one way or another.我编写它是为了替换 Tee 和大约 20 个其他模块,这些模块可以进行某种捕获,但在某种方式上存在缺陷。
-- xdg (aka dagolden) -- xdg(又名 dagolden)
Perhaps my answer here can help you: How can I hook into Perl's print?也许我在这里的回答可以帮助你: 我怎样才能接触到 Perl 的印刷品?
You could use the IO::String
module to select()
STDOUT to a string and then call system()
to run the command.您可以使用IO::String
模块select()
STDOUT 到一个字符串,然后调用system()
来运行命令。 You can collect the output from the IO::String
handle.您可以从IO::String
句柄中收集 output。 This effectively does what the backtick syntax does.这有效地完成了反引号语法的作用。
So to gather command output realtime, run the system()
command asynchronously through fork()
or some other means and poll the handle for updates.因此,要实时收集命令 output,请通过fork()
或其他方式异步运行system()
命令并轮询句柄以获取更新。
EDIT: Per OP, it turns out this approach does not work.编辑:根据 OP,事实证明这种方法不起作用。 select()
doesn't affect system()
calls. select()
不会影响system()
调用。
Also, IO::String
has been replaced with new open()
syntax since Perl 5.8 that does the same function.此外,自 Perl 5.8 起, IO::String
已被新的open()
语法替换,与 function 相同。
You can do this through a file handle as well.您也可以通过文件句柄执行此操作。 Not as elegant as some solutions, but it would likely work.不像某些解决方案那样优雅,但它可能会起作用。 Something along the lines of:类似于以下内容:
my $foo;
open(READ, "env ps |");
while (<READ>) {
print;
$foo .= $_;
}
print $foo;
close(READ);
my $output = system("your command | tee /dev/tty");我的 $output = system("你的命令 | tee /dev/tty");
Worked for me!!为我工作!!
package Logger ;
# docs at the end ...
use lib '.' ; use strict ; use warnings ; use Carp qw(cluck);
our ( $MyBareName , $LibDir , $RunDir ) = () ;
BEGIN {
$RunDir = '' ;
$0 =~ m/^(.*)(\\|\/)(.*)\.([a-z]*)/;
$RunDir = $1 if defined $1 ;
push ( @INC , $RunDir) ;
#debug print join ( ' ' , @INC ) ;
} #eof sub
use Timer ; use FileHandler ;
# the hash holding the vars
our $confHolder = () ;
# ===============================================================
# START OO
# the constructor
sub new {
my $self = shift;
#get the has containing all the settings
$confHolder = ${ shift @_ } ;
# Set the defaults ...
Initialize () ;
return bless({}, $self);
} #eof new
BEGIN {
# strip the remote path and keep the bare name
$0=~m/^(.*)(\\|\/)(.*)\.([a-z]*)/;
my ( $MyBareName , $RunDir ) = () ;
$MyBareName = $3;
$RunDir= $1 ;
push ( @INC,$RunDir ) ;
} #eof BEGIN
sub AUTOLOAD {
my $self = shift ;
no strict 'refs';
my $name = our $AUTOLOAD;
*$AUTOLOAD = sub {
my $msg = "BOOM! BOOM! BOOM! \n RunTime Error !!!\nUndefined Function $name(@_)\n" ;
print "$self , $msg";
};
goto &$AUTOLOAD; # Restart the new routine.
}
sub DESTROY {
my $self = shift;
#debug print "the DESTRUCTOR is called \n" ;
return ;
}
END {
close(STDOUT) || die "can't close STDOUT: $! \n\n" ;
close(STDERR) || die "can't close STDERR: $! \n\n" ;
}
# STOP OO
# =============================================================================
sub Initialize {
$confHolder = { Foo => 'Bar' , } unless ( $confHolder ) ;
# if the log dir does not exist create it
my $LogDir = '' ;
$LogDir = $confHolder->{'LogDir'} ;
# create the log file in the current directory if it is not specified
unless ( defined ( $LogDir )) {
$LogDir = $RunDir ;
}
use File::Path qw(mkpath);
if( defined ($LogDir) && !-d "$LogDir" ) {
mkpath("$LogDir") ||
cluck ( " Cannot create the \$LogDir : $LogDir $! !!! " ) ;
}
# START set default value if value not specified =========================
# Full debugging ....
$confHolder->{'LogLevel'} = 4
unless ( defined ( $confHolder->{'LogLevel'} ) ) ;
$confHolder->{'PrintErrorMsgs'} = 1
unless ( defined ( $confHolder->{'PrintErrorMsgs'} ) ) ;
$confHolder->{'PrintDebugMsgs'} = 1
unless ( defined ($confHolder->{'PrintDebugMsgs'})) ;
$confHolder->{'PrintTraceMsgs'} = 1
unless ( defined ( $confHolder->{'PrintTraceMsgs'} )) ;
$confHolder->{'PrintWarningMsgs'} = 1
unless ( defined ( $confHolder->{'PrintWarningMsgs'} ) ) ;
$confHolder->{'LogMsgs'} = 1
unless ( defined ( $confHolder->{'LogMsgs'} ) ) ;
$confHolder->{'LogTimeToTextSeparator'} = '---'
unless ( defined ( $confHolder->{'LogTimeToTextSeparator'} ) ) ;
#
# STOP set default value if value not specified =========================
} #eof sub Initialize
# =============================================================================
# START functions
# logs an warning message
sub LogErrorMsg {
my $self = shift ;
my $msg = "@_" ;
my $msgType = "ERROR" ;
# Do not print anything if the PrintWarningMsgs = 0
return if ( $confHolder->{'LogMsgs'} == 0 ) ;
# Do not print anything if the PrintWarningMsgs = 0
return if ( $confHolder->{'PrintErrorMsgs'} == 0 ) ;
$self->LogMsg( $msgType , "$msg" ) if ( $confHolder->{'PrintErrorMsgs'} == 1 ) ;
} #eof sub
# logs an warning message
sub LogWarningMsg {
my $self = shift ;
my $msg = "@_" ;
my $msgType = 'WARNING' ;
# Do not print anything if the PrintWarningMsgs = 0
return if ( $confHolder->{'LogMsgs'} == 0 ) ;
# Do not print anything if the PrintWarningMsgs = 0
return if ( $confHolder->{'PrintWarningMsgs'} == 0 ) ;
$self->LogMsg( $msgType , "$msg" ) if ( $confHolder->{'PrintWarningMsgs'} == 1 ) ;
} #eof sub
# logs an info message
sub LogInfoMsg {
my $self = shift ;
my $msg = "@_" ;
my $msgType = 'INFO' ;
# Do not print anything if the PrintWarningMsgs = 0
return if ( $confHolder->{'LogMsgs'} == 0 ) ;
# Do not print anything if the PrintWarningMsgs = 0
return if ( $confHolder->{'PrintInfoMsgs'} == 0 ) ;
$self->LogMsg( $msgType , "$msg" ) if ( $confHolder->{'PrintInfoMsgs'} == 1 ) ;
} #eof sub
# logs an trace message
sub LogTraceMsg {
my $self = shift ;
my $msg = "@_" ;
my $msgType = 'TRACE' ;
my ($package, $filename, $line) = caller();
# Do not print anything if the PrintDebugMsgs = 0
return if ( $confHolder->{'PrintTraceMsgs'} == 0 ) ;
$msg = "$msg : FROM Package: $package FileName: $filename Line: $line " ;
# Do not print anything if the PrintWarningMsgs = 0
return if ( $confHolder->{'LogMsgs'} == 0 ) ;
# Do not print anything if the PrintWarningMsgs = 0
return if ( $confHolder->{'PrintTraceMsgs'} == 0 ) ;
$self->LogMsg( $msgType , "$msg" ) if ( $confHolder->{'PrintTraceMsgs'} == 1 ) ;
} #eof sub
# logs an Debug message
sub LogDebugMsg {
my $self = shift ;
my $msg = "@_" ;
my $msgType = 'DEBUG' ;
# Do not print anything if the PrintWarningMsgs = 0
return if ( $confHolder->{'LogMsgs'} == 0 ) ;
# Do not print anything if the PrintWarningMsgs = 0
return if ( $confHolder->{'PrintDebugMsgs'} == 0 ) ;
$self->LogMsg( $msgType , "$msg" ) if ( $confHolder->{'PrintDebugMsgs'} == 1 ) ;
} #eof sub
sub GetLogFile {
my $self = shift ;
#debug print "The log file is " . $confHolder->{ 'LogFile' } ;
my $LogFile = $confHolder->{ 'LogFile' } ;
#if the log file is not defined we create one
unless ( $confHolder->{ 'LogFile' } ) {
$LogFile = "$0.log" ;
}
return $LogFile ;
} #eof sub
sub BuildMsg {
my $self = shift ;
my $msgType = shift ;
my $objTimer= new Timer();
my $HumanReadableTime = $objTimer->GetHumanReadableTime();
my $LogTimeToTextSeparator = $confHolder->{'LogTimeToTextSeparator'} ;
my $msg = () ;
# PRINT TO STDOUT if
if ( $msgType eq 'WARNING'
|| $msgType eq 'INFO'
|| $msgType eq 'DEBUG'
|| $msgType eq 'TRACE' ) {
$msg = " $HumanReadableTime $LogTimeToTextSeparator $msgType : @_ \n" ;
}
elsif ( $msgType eq 'ERROR' ) {
$msg = " $HumanReadableTime $LogTimeToTextSeparator $msgType : @_ \n" ;
}
else {
$msg = " $HumanReadableTime $LogTimeToTextSeparator $msgType @_ \n" ;
}
return $msg ;
} #eof sub BuildMsg
sub LogMsg {
my $self = shift ;
my $msgType = shift ;
my $msg = $self->BuildMsg ( $msgType , @_ ) ;
my $LogFile = $self -> GetLogFile();
# Do not print anything if the LogLevel = 0
return if ( $confHolder->{'LogLevel'} == 0 ) ;
# PRINT TO STDOUT if
if (
$confHolder->{'PrintMsgs'} == 1
|| $confHolder->{'PrintInfoMsgs'} == 1
|| $confHolder->{'PrintDebugMsgs'} == 1
|| $confHolder->{'PrintTraceMsgs'} == 1
) {
print STDOUT $msg ;
}
elsif ( $confHolder->{'PrintErrorMsgs'} ) {
print STDERR $msg ;
}
if ( $confHolder->{'LogToFile'} == 1 ) {
my $LogFile = $self -> GetLogFile();
my $objFileHandler = new FileHandler();
$objFileHandler->AppendToFile( $LogFile , "$msg" );
} #eof if
#TODO: ADD DB LOGGING
} #eof LogMsg
# STOP functions
# =============================================================================
1;
__END__
=head1 NAME
Logger
=head1 SYNOPSIS
use Logger ;
=head1 DESCRIPTION
Provide a simple interface for dynamic logging. This is part of the bigger Morphus tool : google code morphus
Prints the following type of output :
2011.06.11-13:33:11 --- this is a simple message
2011.06.11-13:33:11 --- ERROR : This is an error message
2011.06.11-13:33:11 --- WARNING : This is a warning message
2011.06.11-13:33:11 --- INFO : This is a info message
2011.06.11-13:33:11 --- DEBUG : This is a debug message
2011.06.11-13:33:11 --- TRACE : This is a trace message : FROM Package: Morphus
FileName: E:\Perl\sfw\morphus\morphus.0.5.0.dev.ysg\sfw\perl\morphus.pl Line: 52
=head2 EXPORT
=head1 SEE ALSO
perldoc perlvars
No mailing list for this module
=head1 AUTHOR
yordan.georgiev@gmail.com
=head1 COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
Copyright (C) 2011 Yordan Georgiev
This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the same terms as Perl itself, either Perl version 5.8.1 or,
at your option, any later version of Perl 5 you may have available.
VersionHistory:
1.4.0 --- 2011.06.11 --- ysg --- Separated actions of building and printing msgs. Total refactoring. Beta .
1.3.0 --- 2011.06.09 --- ysg --- Added Initialize
1.2.0 --- 2011.06.07 --- ysg --- Added LogInfoErrorMsg print both to all possible
1.1.4 --- ysg --- added default values if conf values are not set
1.0.0 --- ysg --- Create basic methods
1.0.0 --- ysg --- Stolen shamelessly from several places of the Perl monks ...
=cut
Send the output from the Tee module to /dev/stdout
(or /dev/fd/1
).将 output 从 Tee 模块发送到/dev/stdout
(或/dev/fd/1
)。
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