如何创建从实现接口的基类派生的实例列表？

Question

Consider the following interface and class declarations.

public interface IMessage
{
    string Body { get; set; }
}
public abstract class MessageBase : IMessage
{
    public string Body { get; set; }
}
public class MessageA : MessageBase { }
public class MessageB : MessageBase { }
public class MessageC : MessageBase { }

public interface IMessageProcessor<T> where T : IMessage
{
    Action<T> ProcessorAction { get; set; }
}
public abstract class MessageProcessorBase<T> : IMessageProcessor<T> where T : MessageBase
{
    public Action<T> ProcessorAction { get; set; }
}
public class MessageAProcessor : MessageProcessorBase<MessageA> { }
public class MessageBProcessor : MessageProcessorBase<MessageB> { }
public class MessageCProcessor : MessageProcessorBase<MessageC> { }

Now I want to declare a list of processor instances like so, but cannot figure out what generic type will allow me to add any derived processor type to the list.

var processors = new List<???>();
processors.Add(new MessageAProcessor());
processors.Add(new MessageBProcessor());
processors.Add(new MessageCProcessor());

I have tried:

// compiles but throws InvalidCastException
var processors = new List<IMessageProcessor<IMessage>>();
processors.Add((IMessageProcessor<IMessage>)new MessageAProcessor());

and

// compiles but throws InvalidCastException
var processors = new List<IMessageProcessor<MessageBase>>();
processors.Add((IMessageProcessor<MessageBase>)new MessageAProcessor());

and

// won't compile
var processors = new List<MessageProcessorBase<MessageBase>>();
processors.Add((MessageProcessorBase<MessageBase>)new MessageAProcessor());

What should the type of this list be? I know I must be missing something obvious here. Any help here would be greatly appreciated. Thanks!

Answer 1

You need to introduce IMessageProcessor and inherit all your Processors from it. In list you would have to use this interface.

public interface IMessage {
    string Body { get; set; }
}

public abstract class MessageBase : IMessage {
    public string Body { get; set; }
}

public class MessageA : MessageBase {
}

public class MessageB : MessageBase {
}

public class MessageC : MessageBase {
}

public interface IMessageProcessor<T> where T : IMessage {
    Action<T> ProcessorAction { get; set; }
}

public abstract class MessageProcessorBase<T> : IMessageProcessor<T> where T : MessageBase {
    public Action<T> ProcessorAction { get; set; }

    public void ProcessMessage(IMessage message) {
        var msg = message as T;
        ProcessorAction(msg);
    }
}

public interface IMessageProcessor {
    void ProcessMessage(IMessage message);
}

public class MessageAProcessor : MessageProcessorBase<MessageA>,IMessageProcessor {
}

public class MessageBProcessor : MessageProcessorBase<MessageB>,IMessageProcessor {
}

public class MessageCProcessor : MessageProcessorBase<MessageC>,IMessageProcessor {
}

And Processors:

var processors = new List<IMessageProcessor>();
processors.Add(new MessageAProcessor());
processors.Add(new MessageBProcessor());
processors.Add(new MessageCProcessor());

Answer 2

Since there is no inheritance relationship between ISomething<Type1> and ISomething<Type2> you can't have list of objects that contain mix of those types.

Only real option is to force some base type - either use List<object> or better have base non-generic interface for IMessageProcessor<T> like IMessageProcessor<T> : IMessageProcessor .

Unfortunately it also means you can't have access to properties/arguments using generic type without casts.

Answer 3

I'm not sure what you are trying to accomplish, but your code will indeed not work.

I did the following:

public class MessageAProcessor : MessageProcessorBase<MessageBase> { }
public class MessageBProcessor : MessageProcessorBase<MessageBase> { }
public class MessageCProcessor : MessageProcessorBase<MessageBase> { }

And then:

var processors = new List<MessageProcessorBase<MessageBase>> ();
processors.Add(new MessageAProcessor());
processors.Add(new MessageBProcessor());
processors.Add(new MessageCProcessor());

will work.

The problem is that

public class MessageAProcessor : MessageProcessorBase<MessageA> { }

is too specific, and you can't cast this back to MessageProcessorBase<MessageBase> in the List<> .