检查 DB (Django) 中是否存在对象

Question

Consider this Django code:

class User(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(null=True, blank=False, verbose_name=_("Name"), help_text='User Name', max_length=256)

class UsersGroup(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(null=False, blank=False, verbose_name=_("Name"), help_text='Users Group Name', max_length=256)
    users = models.ManyToManyField(User)

# ...

with transaction.atomic():
    group.users.add(user)

What if the user was deleted from the DB before the transaction starts? It would add an nonexistent user to group.users . This is an error.

What to do in this situation to preserve DB integrity?

Answer 1

If a user does not exist while adding into groups then the query will fail in database raising IntegrityError with message as follows:

IntegrityError: insert or update on table "app1_usersgroup_users" violates foreign key constraint "app1_usersgroup_users_user_id_96d48fc7_fk_polls_user_id"
DETAIL:  Key (user_id)=(3) is not present in table "polls_user".

Answer 2

You would just add the get in the transaction.atomic block:

with transaction.atomic():
    user = User.objects.get(name='stackoverflow')
    group.users.add(user)

Answer 3

You can use exceptions to handle it as well:

    try:
      group.users.add(User.objects.get(name='Julian'))
    except:
      # handle the error - user doesn't exist