如何使用 Apache Jena 设置 OWL 限制的数据类型？

Question

I am using Apache Jena. I have created the data property, its range as xsd:string and restriction that is added as a superclass to specific (already created) class:

DatatypeProperty dataProperty = model.createDatatypeProperty(baseURI + possibleProperty);
dataProperty.setRange(XSD.xstring);
MaxCardinalityRestriction restriction = model.createMaxCardinalityRestriction(null, dataProperty, 1);
itemClass.addSuperClass(restriction);

When I open the generated ontology in Protege the mentioned restriction looks like:

DataProperty_Name max 1 Literal

My aim is to get it with included data type (that is specified in the range of the data property), eg I am expecting:

DataProperty_Name max 1 string

Application that uses the ontology needs to know restriction's data type. Do you maybe know what I need to change in my code to get data type (eg string) in the restriction instead of Literal?

Thanks, Darko

Answer 1

As suggested, I have asked the question on Jena mail list and have got an answer that Jena doesn't support OWL 2 which is where DataRange is defined. That just means there's not convenience functions but you can still achieve the desired affect by working at the RDF level, it's just verbose. Look up the OWL 2 specs to see what RDF triples are needed to represent your desired DataRange, then use the general Model API to assert those triples.

I followed this advice and succeeded to solve my problem with the following code:

MaxCardinalityRestriction restriction = model.createMaxCardinalityRestriction(null, existingDataProperty, 1);                                               
restriction.removeAll(OWL.cardinality);
restriction.addLiteral(OWL2.maxQualifiedCardinality, 1);
restriction.addProperty(OWL2.onDataRange, XSD.xstring);
itemClass.addSuperClass(restriction); 

Thanks, Darko

Answer 2

You may take a look at ONT-API project. There is an analogy of org.apache.jena.ontology.OntModel - com.github.owlcs.ontapi.jena.model.OntModel - but for OWL2 specification (native Jena mode is for OWL1).

Example:

    String uri = "https://stackoverflow.com/questions/39926809";
    String ns = uri + "#";
    OntModel m = OntManagers.createONT().createGraphModel(uri)
            .setNsPrefixes(OntModelFactory.STANDARD)
            .setNsPrefix("test", ns);

    OntDataProperty prop = m.createDataProperty(ns + "prop").addRange(XSD.xstring);
    OntDataRange dt = prop.ranges().findFirst().orElseThrow(AssertionError::new);
    m.createOntClass(ns + "clazz")
            .addSuperClass(m.createDataMaxCardinality(prop, 1, dt));
    m.write(System.out, "ttl");

Output:

@prefix test:  <https://stackoverflow.com/questions/39926809#> .
@prefix rdf:   <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .
@prefix owl:   <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix xsd:   <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix rdfs:  <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .

<https://stackoverflow.com/questions/39926809>
        a       owl:Ontology .

test:prop  a        owl:DatatypeProperty ;
        rdfs:range  xsd:string .

test:clazz  a            owl:Class ;
        rdfs:subClassOf  [ a                            owl:Restriction ;
                           owl:maxQualifiedCardinality  "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ;
                           owl:onDataRange              xsd:string ;
                           owl:onProperty               test:prop
                         ] .