从另一个脚本导入函数时出现NameError吗？

Question

I am having difficulty importing a function from another script. Both of the scripts below are in the same directory. Why can't the function from another script handle an object with the same name ( arr )?

evens.py

def find_evens():
    return [x for x in arr if x % 2 == 0]

if __name__ == '__main__':

    arr = list(range(11))

    print(find_evens())

import_evens.py

from evens import find_evens

if __name__ == '__main__':

    arr = list(range(11))

    print(find_evens())

Traceback

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Users\user\Desktop\import_evens.py", line 7, in <module>
    find_evens()
  File "C:\Users\user\Desktop\evens.py", line 2, in find_evens
    return [x for x in arr if x % 2 == 0]
NameError: name 'arr' is not defined

Answer 1

Modules in python have separate namespaces. The qualified names evens.arr and import_evens.arr are separate entities. In each module, using just the name arr refers to the one local to it, so arr in import_evens is actually import_evens.arr .

Since you are defining arr inside of if __name__ ... , the name arr is only the defined in the executed module. The name evens.arr is never defined.

Further, there is no notion of truly global names. A name can be global to a module, so all entities inside it can use it. Any other module still has to address it as a_module.global_variables_name . It can also be imported as from a_module import global_variables_name , but this is just sugar for importing it and binding it to a new local name.

# same as `from a_module import global_variables_name`
import a_module
global_variables_name = a_module.global_variables_name

---

What you have shown is best done via parameters to the function:

# evens.py
def find_evens(arr):
    return [x for x in arr if x % 2 == 0]

# import_evens.py
if __name__ == '__main__':
    arr = list(range(11))
    print(find_evens(arr))

If you think it's better to have global variables for this but don't understand how a language uses global variables, it's better not to have global variables.