调用事件后，javascript构造函数属性变为undefined

Question

var Context = {
    canvas: null,
    context: null,
    create: function(canvas_tag_id, size){
        this.canvas = document.getElementById(canvas_tag_id);
        this.canvas.width = size[0];
        this.canvas.height = size[1];
        this.context = this.canvas.getContext('2d');
        return this.context;
    },
    fps:1/30
};

$(function(){

// Initialize
Context.create('canvas', [798, 652]);

var s_size = [Context.canvas.width, Context.canvas.height]; // screen size

function Player(){
    this.rect = [0, s_size[1]-40, 20, 40];
    this.color = 'blue';

    this.create = function(){
        // function for creating player object

        Context.context.beginPath();
        Context.context.fillStyle = this.color;
        Context.context.rect(
            this.rect[0], this.rect[1], this.rect[2], this.rect[3]);
        Context.context.fill();
    };

    this.control = function(){
        // player movement control function

        if (event.which == 39 || event.keyCode == 39){
            alert(this.rect);
        }
    };

    this.update = function(){
        this.rect[0] += 1;
    }
}

// player instance creation

var archie = new Player();

// game loop functions

function events(){
    // Keydown events

    function keydown(){
        window.addEventListener('keydown', archie.control);
    }

    keydown();
}

function update(){
    archie.update();
}

function render(){
    Context.context.clearRect(0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height);

    archie.create();
}

function game(){
    events();
    update();
    render();
}

setInterval(game, Context.fps);
});

As you can see the problem isn't the organization of the code but the event handler, because the player class's update method is working just fine even though it's created after the event handler. what exactly is the problem here and how do i solve it?

Answer 1

Inside the event handler, this is always the element the event handler was bound to, not the constructor for the function passed in.

To write your code a lot shorter, you're doing

var Player = function() {

    this.rect = "something";

    this.control = function(){
        if (event.which == 39 || event.keyCode == 39){
            alert(this.rect); // NOPE ... this is the element
        }
    };
}

var archie = new Player(); // create instance

window.addEventListener('keydown', archie.control); // some function in the instance

If you just have to have the object as the this value, use bind

window.addEventListener('keydown', archie.control.bind(archie));

Also note that your event handler callback is missing the event argument, and relying on the global event , which is not supported in all browsers (Firefox), so you should be doing

this.control = function(event) {...

Answer 2

Another solution I often use is to store this value in another variable ex. self and use that copy in every place so it could be:

var Player = function() {

    var self = this;

    self.rect = "something";

    self.control = function(event){
        if (event.which == 39 || event.keyCode == 39){
            alert(self.rect);
        }
    };
}

This give you guarantee of use what you want, because this is based on context of method execution.