Java泛型和不兼容的类型使用

Question

abstract class AbsClass {}

class MyAbs extends AbsClass {}

class MyClass<S extends AbsClass> {
    S getObj() {
        return new MyAbs();
    }
}

Getting compiler issue:

Error:(33, 16) java: incompatible types: MyAbs cannot be converted to S

What is the correct way to do this?

Edit: I was hoping to be able to intialize MyClass{MyAbs} then call getObj() which would return me a MyAbs object. With Andy's answer, I would have to cast the AbsClass to MyAbs or MySecondAbs which was what I was trying to avoid

Answer 1

Andy has described how to fix the problem, I'll try to explain why.

S is not guaranteed to be assignable to MyAbs , only to AbsClass , and each instance will specify a subclass of AbsClass .

Consider:

class MyOtherAbs extends AbsClass {}

MyClass myClass = new MyClass<MyOtherAbsClass>{};

This would conflict with what you have.

UPDATE:

Based on your comments it looks like you want to achieve the above. The challenge is what if MyOtherAbs has a constructor with arguments? Or is implemented as a Singleton (ie a private constructor and static getInstance() ). In short, there is no guaranteed unified way you can construct these. Further, due to type erasure, at runtime, the concept of S is gone, so you cannot do something like:

return new S();

You basically have two alternatives, one is to use subclassing:

public interface AbsClassFactory<S extends AbsClass>{ //takes the place of MyClass
    public S getInstance();
}

MyAbsFactory implements AbsClassFactory<MyAbs>{
    public MyAbs getInstance(){
        return new MyAbs(); //or however MyAbs is instantiated
    }
}

The other option is reflection:

class MyClass {
    public <S extends AbsClass> S getObj(Class<S> clazz) throws InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException {
        return clazz.newInstance();
    }
}

Note that the second assumes there is a no arg constructor available and will throw a runtime exception if one is not.

Answer 2

S extends MyAbs , not the other way around. any object of type S can be cast into MyAbs , but MyAbs cannot be cast into it's derived classes.

Please explain what you are trying to achieve.

Answer 3

From your comment it seems that you can accomplish the same using the Supplier interface:

Supplier<MyAbs> supp = MyAbs::new; // Constructor reference
MyAbs obj = supp.get();

Supplier<MySecondAbs> supp2 = MySecondAbs::new;
MySecondAbs obj2 = supp2.get();