在javascript中为函数分配函数？

Question

I used to have something like the following ...

var setFoo = function (value1) {
    window.localStorage.setItem('foo1', value1);
}

var setFoo2 = function (value2) {
    window.localStorage.setItem('foo2', value2);
}

.. however, I found that I was constantly doing ...

window.localStorage.setItem('something', value);

... so I decided to turn it into a function ...

function genericSetFoo(name, value) {
    window.localStorage.setItem(name, value);
}

... and have the following instead ...

var setFoo = genericSetFoo('foo1', value1);
var setFoo2 = genericSetFoo('foo2', value2);

... however, now when I try to call setFoo1(value1) or setFoo2(value2) , the application complains of value1 and value2 being undefined . What am I doing wrong? I mean I could still do ...

var setFoo = function(value1) { genericSetFoo('foo1', value1) };
var setFoo2 = function(value2) { genericSetFoo('foo2', value2) };

... and it works too... but it defeats the whole point if I have to redefine the function in any case. So how do I tackle this?

Answer 1

You can use .bind() in this situation. This technique is known as "partial function evaluation":

var setFoo = genericSetFoo.bind(null, 'foo1');
var setFoo2 = genericSetFoo.bind(null, 'foo2');

setFoo(value1);

If you're using lodash or underscore, you can use _.partial() which is different from .bind in that it doesn't require that first argument and doesn't rebind the this value:

var setFoo = _.partial(genericSetFoo, 'foo1');
var setFoo2 = _.partial(genericSetFoo, 'foo2');

Answer 2

What am I doing wrong?

You're calling window.localStorage.setItem() instead of returning a function that calls window.localStorage.setItem() . Remember, when you call a function and assign it to a variable you are assigning the return value of that function , not the function itself.

For example, when you do:

function a () { return 2 };

var two = a();

.. do you expect the variable two to be 2 or a function? Another example, if you do:

var x = document.getElementById('foo');

.. do you expect the variable x to contain a DOM element or a function?

So, you need to return a function instead of calling a function:

function genericSetFoo(name) {
    return function (value) {
        window.localStorage.setItem(name, value);
    }
}

So now you can do:

var setFoo1 = genericSetFoo('foo1');

Answer 3

What I am doing wrong?

When you do:

var setFoo = genericSetFoo('foo1', value1);

you are invoking genericSetFoo() and assigning the value returned from it to setFoo . However since value1 is undefined at the time of initializing setFoo (and thereby invoking genericSetFoo() ) you get an undefined error when window.localStorage.setItem(name, value) tries to use the argument passed to its value parameter.