热图中的日期轴 seaborn

Question

A little info: I'm very new to programming and this is a small part of the my first script. The goal of this particular segment is to display a seaborn heatmap with vertical depth on y-axis, time on x-axis and intensity of a scientific measurement as the heat function.

I'd like to apologize if this has been answered elsewhere, but my searching abilities must have failed me.

sns.set()
nametag = 'Well_4_all_depths_capf'
Dp = D[D.well == 'well4']
print(Dp.date)


heat = Dp.pivot("depth",  "date", "capf")
### depth, date and capf are all columns of a pandas dataframe 

plt.title(nametag)

sns.heatmap(heat,  linewidths=.25)

plt.savefig('%s%s.png' % (pathheatcapf, nametag), dpi = 600)

this is the what prints from the ' print(Dp.date) ' so I'm pretty sure the formatting from the dataframe is in the format I want, particularly Year, day, month.

0    2016-08-09
1    2016-08-09
2    2016-08-09
3    2016-08-09
4    2016-08-09
5    2016-08-09
6    2016-08-09
         ...    

But, when I run it the date axis always prints with blank times (00:00 etc) that I don't want. Is there a way to remove these from the date axis?

Is the problem that in a cell above I used this function to scan the file name and make a column with the date??? Is it wrong to use datetime instead of just a date function?

D['date']=pd.to_datetime(['%s-%s-%s' %(f[0:4],f[4:6],f[6:8]) for f in             
D['filename']])

Answer 1

You have to use strftime function for your date series of dataframe to plot xtick labels correctly:

import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import seaborn as sns
from datetime import datetime, timedelta
import random

dates = [datetime.today() - timedelta(days=x * random.getrandbits(1)) for x in xrange(25)]
df = pd.DataFrame({'depth': [0.1,0.05, 0.01, 0.005, 0.001, 0.1, 0.05, 0.01, 0.005, 0.001, 0.1, 0.05, 0.01, 0.005, 0.001, 0.1, 0.05, 0.01, 0.005, 0.001, 0.1, 0.05, 0.01, 0.005, 0.001],\
 'date': dates,\
 'value': [-4.1808639999999997, -9.1753490000000006, -11.408113999999999, -10.50245, -8.0274750000000008, -0.72260200000000008, -6.9963940000000004, -10.536339999999999, -9.5440649999999998, -7.1964070000000007, -0.39225599999999999, -6.6216390000000001, -9.5518009999999993, -9.2924690000000005, -6.7605589999999998, -0.65214700000000003, -6.8852289999999989, -9.4557760000000002, -8.9364629999999998, -6.4736289999999999, -0.96481800000000006, -6.051482, -9.7846860000000007, -8.5710630000000005, -6.1461209999999999]})
pivot = df.pivot(index='depth', columns='date', values='value')

sns.set()
ax = sns.heatmap(pivot)
ax.set_xticklabels(df['date'].dt.strftime('%d-%m-%Y'))
plt.xticks(rotation=-90)

plt.show()

Answer 2

Example with standard heatmap datetime labels

import pandas as pd
import seaborn as sns

dates = pd.date_range('2019-01-01', '2020-12-01')

df = pd.DataFrame(np.random.randint(0, 100, size=(len(dates), 4)), index=dates)

sns.heatmap(df)

We can create some helper classes/functions to get to some better looking labels and placement. AxTransformer enables conversion from data coordinates to tick locations, set_date_ticks allows custom date ranges to be applied to plots.

import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from collections.abc import Iterable
from sklearn import linear_model

class AxTransformer:
    def __init__(self, datetime_vals=False):
        self.datetime_vals = datetime_vals
        self.lr = linear_model.LinearRegression()
        
        return
    
    def process_tick_vals(self, tick_vals):
        if not isinstance(tick_vals, Iterable) or isinstance(tick_vals, str):
            tick_vals = [tick_vals]
            
        if self.datetime_vals == True:
            tick_vals = pd.to_datetime(tick_vals).astype(int).values
            
        tick_vals = np.array(tick_vals)
            
        return tick_vals
    
    def fit(self, ax, axis='x'):
        axis = getattr(ax, f'get_{axis}axis')()
        
        tick_locs = axis.get_ticklocs()
        tick_vals = self.process_tick_vals([label._text for label in axis.get_ticklabels()])
        
        self.lr.fit(tick_vals.reshape(-1, 1), tick_locs)
        
        return
    
    def transform(self, tick_vals):        
        tick_vals = self.process_tick_vals(tick_vals)
        tick_locs = self.lr.predict(np.array(tick_vals).reshape(-1, 1))
        
        return tick_locs
    
def set_date_ticks(ax, start_date, end_date, axis='y', date_format='%Y-%m-%d', **date_range_kwargs):
    dt_rng = pd.date_range(start_date, end_date, **date_range_kwargs)

    ax_transformer = AxTransformer(datetime_vals=True)
    ax_transformer.fit(ax, axis=axis)
    
    getattr(ax, f'set_{axis}ticks')(ax_transformer.transform(dt_rng))
    getattr(ax, f'set_{axis}ticklabels')(dt_rng.strftime(date_format))

    ax.tick_params(axis=axis, which='both', bottom=True, top=False, labelbottom=True)
    
    return ax

These provide us a lot of flexibility, eg

fig, ax = plt.subplots(dpi=150)

sns.heatmap(df, ax=ax)

set_date_ticks(ax, '2019-01-01', '2020-12-01', freq='3MS')

or if you really want to get weird you can do stuff like

fig, ax = plt.subplots(dpi=150)

sns.heatmap(df, ax=ax)

set_date_ticks(ax, '2019-06-01', '2020-06-01', freq='2MS', date_format='%b `%y')

For your specific example you'll have to pass axis='x' to set_date_ticks

Answer 3

I had a similar problem, but the date was the index. I've just converted the date to string (pandas 1.0) before plotting and it worked for me.

heat['date'] = heat.date.astype('string')