如何导入python包？

Question

I'm new to Python and need to use a python-based tool called chromosomer that imports some python packages including bioformats. Bioformats has many modules including bed. On running chromosomer, I get the error:

smeeta:~$ python
Python 2.7.6 (default, Jun 22 2015, 17:58:13) 
[GCC 4.8.2] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import chromosomer
>>> from chromosomer.cli import bioformats
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/chromosomer/cli.py", line 8, in <module>
    import bioformats.bed
ImportError: No module named bed
>>> import bioformats
>>> import bioformats.bed
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
ImportError: No module named bed
>>> 

How do I install the package chromosomer and its dependent packages ?

Answer 1

Use pip

Eg

#>pip install <desired package>
#>pip install chromosomer

Official pip documentation link .

For Python 2.7.9+ and 3.4+ It should come preinstalled with pip

Python 2 ≤ 2.7.8 and Python 3 ≤ 3.3 Follow the instructions from here : https://pip.pypa.io/en/stable/installing/#do-i-need-to-install-pip

For more discussion about this question: Does Python have a package/module management system?

Answer 2

So in python most of things gets installed using the pip command ,recommended tool for installing Python packages.

Also did you tried :

pip install python-bioformats

Answer 3

For any packages other than default ones, you need to install them before import/using them.

The most common and convenient way for installing a Python package is via the pip package management utility.

1. Install pip :

sudo apt-get install python-pip  # for Debian/Ubuntu
sudo yum -y install python-pip  # for CentOS/RHEL

Note : For Python 2.7.9+ and 3.4+ pip comes pre-installed.

---

2. Install python packages :

sudo pip install chromosomer

It'll install bioinformats , future , pyfaidx , PyVCF , six packages as dependencies. Note : no need for sudo if already root user, or using a vitualenv .

Verification - can verify the installation using pip freeze command:

(venv_bioinformatics)[nahmed@localhost virtualenvs]$ pip freeze
bioformats==0.1.14
chromosomer==0.1.3
future==0.16.0
pyfaidx==0.4.8.1
PyVCF==0.6.8
six==1.10.0
wheel==0.24.0

Test - I installed the chromosomer and imported, worked fine:

(venv_bioinformatics)[nahmed@localhost virtualenvs]$ python 
Python 2.7.5 (default, Sep 15 2016, 22:37:39) 
[GCC 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-4)] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> from chromosomer.cli import chromosomer
>>>