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如何使用 PHP 获取 XML 字符串的子字符串

[英]How to Get a Sub-String of an XML String Using PHP

 原文  2017-01-14 13:27:02  1   2    php/ xml/ xpath

问题描述

So I have an XML string:所以我有一个 XML 字符串：

http://localhost:8888/?purp=oclcn&xml=<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
<record xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim">
    <leader>00000cam a2200000 a 4500</leader>
    <controlfield tag="001">33333502</controlfield>
    <controlfield tag="008">951010s1996    vtua     b    001 0 eng  </controlfield>
    <datafield ind1=" " ind2=" " tag="010">
      <subfield code="a">   95045582 </subfield>
    </datafield>
    <datafield ind1=" " ind2=" " tag="020">
      <subfield code="a">1858983274</subfield>
    </datafield>
    <datafield ind1=" " ind2=" " tag="020">
      <subfield code="a">9781858983271</subfield>
    </datafield>
    <datafield ind1="0" ind2="0" tag="245">
      <subfield code="a">Economic sociology /</subfield>
      <subfield code="c">edited by Richard Swedberg.</subfield>
    </datafield>
    <datafield ind1=" " ind2=" " tag="260">
      <subfield code="a">Cheltenham, Glos, UK ;</subfield>
      <subfield code="a">Brookfield, Vt., US :</subfield>
      <subfield code="b">E. Elgar Pub. Co.,</subfield>
      <subfield code="c">©1996.</subfield>
    </datafield>
    <datafield ind1=" " ind2=" " tag="300">
      <subfield code="a">xv, 574 pages :</subfield>
      <subfield code="b">illustrations ;</subfield>
      <subfield code="c">25 cm.</subfield>
    </datafield>
    <datafield ind1="1" ind2=" " tag="490">
      <subfield code="a">The international library of critical writings in sociology ;</subfield>
      <subfield code="v">5</subfield>
    </datafield>
    <datafield ind1="1" ind2=" " tag="490">
      <subfield code="a">An Elgar reference collection</subfield>
    </datafield>
    <datafield ind1=" " ind2=" " tag="500">
      <subfield code="a">A collection of journal articles previously published between 1940-1994.</subfield>
    </datafield>
    <datafield ind1=" " ind2="0" tag="650">
      <subfield code="a">Economics</subfield>
      <subfield code="x">Sociological aspects.</subfield>
    </datafield>
    <datafield ind1=" " ind2="0" tag="650">
      <subfield code="a">Sociology.</subfield>
    </datafield>
    <datafield ind1=" " ind2="0" tag="650">
      <subfield code="a">Economics.</subfield>
    </datafield>
    <datafield ind1=" " ind2="6" tag="650">
      <subfield code="a">Économie politique</subfield>
      <subfield code="x">Aspect sociologique.</subfield>
    </datafield>
    <datafield ind1=" " ind2="6" tag="650">
      <subfield code="a">Sociologie.</subfield>
    </datafield>
    <datafield ind1=" " ind2="6" tag="650">
      <subfield code="a">Économie politique.</subfield>
    </datafield>
    <datafield ind1=" " ind2="7" tag="650">
      <subfield code="a">Economics.</subfield>
      <subfield code="2">fast</subfield>
      <subfield code="0">(OCoLC)fst00902116</subfield>
    </datafield>
    <datafield ind1=" " ind2="7" tag="650">
      <subfield code="a">Economics</subfield>
      <subfield code="x">Sociological aspects.</subfield>
      <subfield code="2">fast</subfield>
      <subfield code="0">(OCoLC)fst00902213</subfield>
    </datafield>
    <datafield ind1=" " ind2="7" tag="650">
      <subfield code="a">Sociology.</subfield>
      <subfield code="2">fast</subfield>
      <subfield code="0">(OCoLC)fst01123875</subfield>
    </datafield>
    <datafield ind1="1" ind2="7" tag="650">
      <subfield code="a">Economische sociologie.</subfield>
      <subfield code="2">gtt</subfield>
    </datafield>
    <datafield ind1=" " ind2="7" tag="650">
      <subfield code="a">Sociologie économique.</subfield>
      <subfield code="2">ram</subfield>
    </datafield>
  </record>

As you can see, the XML has embedded elements/tags etc.如您所见，XML 嵌入了元素/标签等。

I'd like to retrieve the last tag using Xpath and PHP, but still return it as a string (and not an array or object) (and also including the child/sub-tags).我想使用 Xpath 和 PHP 检索最后一个标签，但仍将其作为字符串（而不是数组或对象）返回（还包括子/子标签）。 How do I go about this?我该怎么做？

2 个解决方案

解决方案1
 0  2017-01-14 13:32:44

See http://php.net/manual/de/domdocument.savexml.php , you can call the method $doc->saveXML($node) to serialize a DOM node to a string.参见http://php.net/manual/de/domdocument.savexml.php ，可以调用$doc->saveXML($node)方法将 DOM 节点序列化为字符串。 So select the DOM element (or node in general) and then call that method on the document passing in the selected node to get the XML string representation of the node:因此，选择 DOM 元素（或一般的节点），然后在传入所选节点的文档上调用该方法以获取节点的 XML 字符串表示：

$xml = <<<EOD
<record xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim">
    <leader>00000cam a2200000 a 4500</leader>
    <controlfield tag="001">33333502</controlfield>
    <controlfield tag="008">951010s1996    vtua     b    001 0 eng  </controlfield>
    <datafield ind1=" " ind2=" " tag="010">
      <subfield code="a">   95045582 </subfield>
    </datafield>
    <datafield ind1=" " ind2=" " tag="020">
      <subfield code="a">1858983274</subfield>
    </datafield>
    <datafield ind1=" " ind2=" " tag="020">
      <subfield code="a">9781858983271</subfield>
    </datafield>
    <datafield ind1="0" ind2="0" tag="245">
      <subfield code="a">Economic sociology /</subfield>
      <subfield code="c">edited by Richard Swedberg.</subfield>
    </datafield>
    <datafield ind1=" " ind2=" " tag="260">
      <subfield code="a">Cheltenham, Glos, UK ;</subfield>
      <subfield code="a">Brookfield, Vt., US :</subfield>
      <subfield code="b">E. Elgar Pub. Co.,</subfield>
      <subfield code="c">©1996.</subfield>
    </datafield>
    <datafield ind1=" " ind2=" " tag="300">
      <subfield code="a">xv, 574 pages :</subfield>
      <subfield code="b">illustrations ;</subfield>
      <subfield code="c">25 cm.</subfield>
    </datafield>
    <datafield ind1="1" ind2=" " tag="490">
      <subfield code="a">The international library of critical writings in sociology ;</subfield>
      <subfield code="v">5</subfield>
    </datafield>
    <datafield ind1="1" ind2=" " tag="490">
      <subfield code="a">An Elgar reference collection</subfield>
    </datafield>
    <datafield ind1=" " ind2=" " tag="500">
      <subfield code="a">A collection of journal articles previously published between 1940-1994.</subfield>
    </datafield>
    <datafield ind1=" " ind2="0" tag="650">
      <subfield code="a">Economics</subfield>
      <subfield code="x">Sociological aspects.</subfield>
    </datafield>
    <datafield ind1=" " ind2="0" tag="650">
      <subfield code="a">Sociology.</subfield>
    </datafield>
    <datafield ind1=" " ind2="0" tag="650">
      <subfield code="a">Economics.</subfield>
    </datafield>
    <datafield ind1=" " ind2="6" tag="650">
      <subfield code="a">Économie politique</subfield>
      <subfield code="x">Aspect sociologique.</subfield>
    </datafield>
    <datafield ind1=" " ind2="6" tag="650">
      <subfield code="a">Sociologie.</subfield>
    </datafield>
    <datafield ind1=" " ind2="6" tag="650">
      <subfield code="a">Économie politique.</subfield>
    </datafield>
    <datafield ind1=" " ind2="7" tag="650">
      <subfield code="a">Economics.</subfield>
      <subfield code="2">fast</subfield>
      <subfield code="0">(OCoLC)fst00902116</subfield>
    </datafield>
    <datafield ind1=" " ind2="7" tag="650">
      <subfield code="a">Economics</subfield>
      <subfield code="x">Sociological aspects.</subfield>
      <subfield code="2">fast</subfield>
      <subfield code="0">(OCoLC)fst00902213</subfield>
    </datafield>
    <datafield ind1=" " ind2="7" tag="650">
      <subfield code="a">Sociology.</subfield>
      <subfield code="2">fast</subfield>
      <subfield code="0">(OCoLC)fst01123875</subfield>
    </datafield>
    <datafield ind1="1" ind2="7" tag="650">
      <subfield code="a">Economische sociologie.</subfield>
      <subfield code="2">gtt</subfield>
    </datafield>
    <datafield ind1=" " ind2="7" tag="650">
      <subfield code="a">Sociologie économique.</subfield>
      <subfield code="2">ram</subfield>
    </datafield>
  </record>

EOD;

$doc = new DOMDocument();
$doc->loadXML($xml);

$elements = $doc->getElementsByTagNameNS('*', 'datafield');
$lastElement = $elements[$elements->length - 1];

echo $doc->saveXML($lastElement);

Using XPath would not change anything about serializing the node, here is the same example but using an XPath expression to select the last datafield element:使用 XPath 不会改变有关序列化节点的任何内容，这里是相同的示例，但使用 XPath 表达式来选择最后一个数据字段元素：

$doc = new DOMDocument();
$doc->loadXML($xml);

$xpath = new DOMXPath($doc);
$xpath->registerNamespace('df', $doc->documentElement->namespaceURI);


$lastElement = $xpath->query('(//df:datafield)[last()]')[0];

echo $doc->saveXML($lastElement);

解决方案2
 0  

Presumably what you're looking for is大概你正在寻找的是

if (($xml = simplexml_load_string($xml_string)) !== FALSE) {
    $xml->registerXPathNamespace('marc', 'http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim');

    // Retrieve the last "datafield" element
    $results = $xml->xpath('/marc:record/marc:datafield[last()]');
    if ($results !== FALSE and ($datafield = reset($results)) !== FALSE) {
        // Process the element, or simply output it with:
        echo $datafield->saveXML();
    }
}

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