之间有什么区别<class 'str'>和<type 'str'>

Question

I am new to python. I'm confused by the <class 'str'> . I got a str by using:

response = urllib.request.urlopen(req).read().decode()

The type of 'response' is <class 'str'> , not <type 'str'> . When I try to manipulate this str in 'for loop':

for ID in response: 

The 'response' is read NOT by line, BUT by character. I intend to put every line of 'response' into individual element of a list. Now I have to write the response in a file and use 'open' to get a string of <type 'str'> that I can use in 'for loop'.

Answer 1

There is no difference. Python changed the text representation of type objects between python 2 ( Types are written like this: <type 'int'> . ) and python 3 ( Types are written like this: <class 'int'> . ). In both python 2 and 3, the type of the type object is, um, type:

python 2

>>> type(type('a'))
<type 'type'>

python 3

>>> type(type('a'))
<class 'type'>

And that's the reason for the change... the string representation makes it clear that the type is a class.

As for the rest of your problem,

for ID in response:

response is a string and enumerating it gives the characters in the string. Depending on the type of response you may want to use and HTML, JSON or other parser to turn it into python objects.

Answer 2

As mentioned by the commenters. In python3:

>>>st = 'Hello Stack!'
>>>type(st)
<class 'str'>

But in python2:

>>>st = 'Hello Stack!'
>>>type(st)
<type 'str'>

So the behavior that you are seeing is entirely expected. As to looping over a string, a for loop over a string will iterate over the string character by character. If you want to iterate over each line in the string, you usually do something like split on \\n or some regex designed to split on the line separators in the URL response. Below is a simple for loop over the list resulting from split

response = urllib.request.urlopen(req).read().decode()
lines = response.split('\n')
for x in lines:
    st = x.strip()
    # do some processing on st

Answer 3

In case you have the same confusing I got in Jupyter

Using type("hi") will give you str .

While using print(type('hi')) will give you <class 'str'> Anyway, both are the same!

#python3