具有类对象的Java泛型

Question

I have three classes Dog.java , Cat.java and Monkey.java all implementing interface Animal.java . I then have DogManager.java , CatManager.java and MonkeyManager.java each having the following method and returning a Dog, Cat, Monkey instance respectively:

public Animal getAnimal(); 

Finally I have a factory class that takes an animal name and returns an appropriate animal instance.

public Animal getAnimal(String name);

This all works fine, till I have to use the Animal object returned by the factory class to my controller class where I expect to call the bark() method exposed by Dog.java when I get the Dog instance from the factory but I don't have that method available since my factory returns Animal type which does not have bark() .

So I was thinking of trying passing a class object to the getAnimal() in my factory class:

public <T> T getAnimal(String name, Class<T implements Animal> clazz);    

However, this requires I know the class association for each animal name. I was trying the following:

IManager.java

Class<?> getClassName();
String getName();

DogManager.java

public Class<?> getClassName(){
    return Dog.class;
}

public String getName(){
    return "Dog";
}

public Dog getName(){
    return new Dog();
}

CatManager.java

Class<?> getClassName(){
    return Cat.class;
}

public String getName(){
    return "Cat";
}

And then in my factory call:

IManager manager = getManager(); //Here I will get one of the Cat/Dog/Monkey managers based on name
factory.getAnimal(name, manager.getClassName()); //Compilation fails here

But this does not work, since getAnimal takes Class and manager.getClassName() is returning Class.

Any idea how can I make this work?

Answer 1

Once you have an Animal instance and you know that it is a Dog, you can cast it as a Dog and use all the methods of the Dog class.

Let´s see an example:

Dog dog = new Dog();
Animal animal = dog;

Right now, you can not use the bark() method directly in the animal instance (animal.bark() is not possible).

But if you use casting '(Dog) animal', you will have all the Dog methods available for the object casted.

if(animal instanceof Dog){
    ((Dog) animal).bark();
}

Answer 2

The way to solve this is to add in your method signature the Class of the Animal you want to get, as the compiler can't guess the Animal you want to get when you're coding factory.getAnimal(name, manager.getClassName()) .

So the answer is to add a parameterized Type to your IManager so the getAnimal() method returns the good type. But even if you do this, you will have to cast an Animal in the subtype you are looking for as the getAnimal() method can only return an Animal without getting any compilation error.

You won't be able to have any Dog or Cat unless, somewhere, you don't write it down in your code

Answer 3

This is a great example of a terrible technique. Consider saving it as a cautionary tale of "bad things people do". If you truly wish to continue walking this path to fiasco, then consider the following:

1. None of this will be an example of good or quality software development.
2. Add methods like "Dog getDog()" to the Animal interface. If the implementation is a Dog, this method will return the Animal cast to a Dog, if not, it will return null. Maybe add "boolean isDog()" as well.
3. In the Dog class, implement the isDog as something like this: return true; .
4. In the Cat class, implement the isDog method like this: return false .